The phrase “Six Million Jews” is Communist propaganda which was used in the media or by politicians or propagandists at least 253 times after 1850 and BEFORE May 1945, when Allied troops arrived at the first German internment camp. Claims that the 6 million were under persecution were attributed to Russia, until the Zionist overthrow of Russia in 1917. Then the 6 million were in danger in Europe, and later in Germany.
1850 – British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Jews (ed.), The Jewish Herald and Record of Christian Effort for the Spiritual Good of God’s Ancient People, Vol. V, Aylott & Jones, London, August 1850, page 216: “there are now living about 6,000,000 Israelites” in the world (reprinted in the Christian Spectator 1850, page 496).
1866 – Brigham Young, The Latter-Day Saints’ Millennial Star, Vol. 28, London 1866, p. 677: “there are but about 6,000,000 Jews in the world”
1869 – The New York Times, 12 September 1869, page 8: “there are now living about 6,000,000 Israelites, nearly one half of whom live in Europe.” Repeated on 31 October 1869.
1889 – The New York Times, 10 February 1889: “How Many Jews Are There? […] the lowest [estimate] that could be entertained, stated the number of the ubiquitous race at 6,000,000.”
1891 – The New York Times, 26 January 1891: “Russia’s population of five million to six million Jews […] about six million persecuted and miserable wretches.”
1891 – Herold Frederic, “An Indictment of Russia,” The New York Times, 12 September 1891: “as to the entire number of Jews in Russia […] a total of 6,000,000 is most nearly correct.”
1896 – “Russia and Religious Liberty,” The New York Times, 15 March 1891: “the [Russian] Jews are 5,000,000 or 6,000,000.”
1900 – Stephen S. Wise, New York Times, 11 June 1900: “There are 6,000,000 living, bleeding, suffering arguments in favor of Zionism.”
1902 – Encyclopaedia Britannica, 10th Edition, Vol. 25, 1902, page 482: “While there are in Russia and Rumania six millions of Jews who are being systematically degraded…”
1902 – Samuel W. Goldstein, New York Times, 27 November 1902: “PLEA FOR ZIONISM… In answer I would say: Does Dr. Silverman represent the 6,000,000 Jews in Russia, 300,000 in Roumania and the 1,000,000 in Galicia?”
1903 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 18 September 1903, page 6: “… six million downtrodden brethren.”
1904 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 19 February 1904, page 2: “… where five or six million people existed under persecution.”
1904 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 7 October 1904, page 1: “… the final and definite deliverance of the six millions of Russian, Roumanian and Galician Jews… transporting five or six million people over the sea.”
1904 – Israel Zangwill, New York Times, 20 October 1904: “The problem does not relate to the American Jews, but to the 6,000,000 in Russia. The Russian Government has consented to allow the Jews to leave,”
1905 – New York Times, 29 January 1905: “[Rev Dr Harris] declared that a free and a happy Russia, with its 6,000,000 Jews, would possibly mean the end of Zionism, since the abolition of the autocracy would practically eliminate the causes that brought Zionism into existence.”
1905 – New York Times, 1 November 1905: “From 1890 to 1902 [Chief Procurator of the Holy Synod Pobledonostzeff] caused 6,000,000 Jewish families to be expelled from Russia…”
1906 – New York Times, 25 March 1906: “Startling reports the condition and future of Russia’s 6,000,000 Jews were made on March 12 in Berlin to the annual meeting of the Central Jewish Relief League of Germany by Dr. Paul Nathan… He left St. Petersburg with the firm conviction that the Russian Government’s studied policy for the ‘solution’ of the Jewish question is systematic and murderous extermination.”
1907 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 18 October 1907, page 13: “… for six million people cannot emigrate.
1908 – Deseret Evening News, 17 March 1908: “… poverty, starvation and disease are the afflictions which now beset the six million Jews in that country and Roumania.”
1908 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 7 August 1908: “… when six million Russian Jews are crying…”
1910 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 4 February 1910: “SIX MILLION BABIES SAVED BY STRAUS.”
1910 – “Many Jews Flee from Russia,” The New York Times, 13 March 1910: Russia’s “Jewish population of roundly 6,000,000”
1910 – “Russain Jews in Sad Plight,” The New York Times, 11 April 1910: “the systematic, relentless, quiet grinding down of a people of more than 6,000,000 souls,”
1911 – Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Vol. 2, 1911, page 145: “While there remain in Russia and Rumania over six millions of Jews who are being systematically degraded…”
1911 – Max Nordau speaking at the 1911 Zionist Congress. Ben Hecht, Perfidy, NY: Julian Messner, 1961, page 254: “But the same righteous Governments, who are so nobly, industriously active to establish the eternal peace, are preparing, by their own confession, complete annihilation for six million people,”
1911 – Fort Wayne Journal Gazette (Ind.), 4 June 1911, page 15: “PRINCE, PRIEST AND PEASANT WAGE WAR AGAINST SIX MILLION JEWS”
1911 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 18 August 1911, page 14: “Very soon a fervid Russian patriotism will reign in every Ghetto, and the melting-up of the race begin. But this absorption of the five or six million Jews…”
1911 – Max Nordau, The Jewish Chronicle (London), 18 August 1911, page 14: “… the downfall of six million creatures… for no war has ever yet destroyed six million human lives.”
1911 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 25 August 1911: “… six million Jews are still groaning under the most terrible yoke.”
1911 – Max Nordau, The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 1 September 1911, page 3: “… the downfall of six million creatures… for no war has ever yet destroyed six million human lives.”
1911 – Max Nordau, The Reform Advocate (Chicago), 9 September 1911: “… the downfall of six million creatures… for no war has ever yet destroyed six million human lives.”
1911 – New York Times, 31 October 1911: “The 6,000,000 Jews of Russia are singled out for systematic oppression and for persecution due to process of law.”
1911 – “Condition of the Jews in Russia Worst in History,” New York Times, 10 December 1911: “The Russian Government […] is making the 6,000,000 Jews a people economically exhausted—a people without any rights at all.”
1912 – American Jewish Year Book 5672 (23 Sep 1911 – 11 Sep 1912), page 308: “Russia has since 1890 adopted a deliberate plan to expel or exterminate six millions of its people for no other reason than that they refuse to become members of the Greek Church, but prefer to remain Jews.”
1912 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 5 January 1912: “… more than six million Jews reside in small towns and villages there is no Sabbath question.”
1912 – Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, New York Tribune, 11 September 1912, page 9: “Russia is now asphyxiating the Jews. It does not dare to offend the nations by blood spilling, so it is slowly, but surely grinding out the lives of 6,000,000 Jews.”
1913 – Fort Wayne Journal Gazette (Ind.), 18 October 1913, page 4: “There are six million Jews in Russia and the government is anxious to annihilate them by methods that provoke protests from the civilized world.”
1914 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 10 July 1914, page 9: “… where six million Jews are suffering…”
1914 – New York Times, 2 December 1914, page 12: “APPEAL FOR AID FOR JEWS. … the plight of more than 6,000,000 Jews… upon the Jewish people, more than nine millions of whom live in the countries at war and over six million of these in the actual war zone in Poland, Galicia and the whole of the Russian frontier.”
1915 – New York Times, 14 January 1915, page 3: “In the world today there are about 13,000,000 Jews, of whom more than 6,000,000 are in the heart of the war zone; Jews whose lives are at stake and who today are subjected to every manner of suffering and sorrow…”
1915 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 19 March 1915: “How the casting of six million people into the deepest abyss of servitude and outlawry is to relieve tension we cannot understand.”
1915 – The Sun (N.Y.), 6 June 1915, section 5, page 1: “Six million Jews, one-half of the Jewish people throughout the world, are being persecuted, hounded, humiliated, tortured, starved. … six million Jews in Russia… are being tortured so mercilessly.”
1915 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 25 June 1915: “The annihilation of the six million Jews now congregated in the Russian domains goes on in a well-defined and systematic manner.”
1915 – Jacob de Hass, The Boston Sunday Globe, 26 September 1915, page 46: “Indeed the only point that all warring elements are agreed upon is that at the end of the holocaust the Jews and Palestine will be more closely related than at present.”
1915 – New York Tribune, 14 October 1915: “What the Turks are doing to Armenians is child’s play compared to what Russia is doing to six million Jews, her own subjects.”
1915 – The Mercury, 4 December 1915: “… six millions of Russian and Polish Jews are to-day the most pitiable victims of that race hatred and that race fanaticism which have been the creed of Germany…”
1916 – The Jews in the Eastern War Zone, The American Jewish Committee (ed.), 1916, pages 19f., 29, 47, 60, 66: “… where six million human beings guilty only of adherence to the Jewish faith are compelled to live out their lives in squalor and misery, in constant terror of massacre… estimated at six million or more… of these six million people… a kind of prison with six million inmates… The persons most affected, the six million Jews of Russia… The Jews are loyal and brave, and it is most inadvisable to pursue a policy which might convert six million subjects into enemies.… the six million Jews of Russia still continued… nearly three of the six million…”
1916 – Sausalito News (CA), 22 January 1916, page 1: “… six million starving Polish Jews in the war stricken countries of Europe”
1916 – Oakland Tribune (Cal.), 26+27 January 1916, page 1 (FRONT PAGE ADVERT 2 DAYS RUNNING): “The President of the United States—6,000,000 Starving, Homeless, People—Why should the President, by proclamation to the people of the nation, fix upon January 27th as the day for contributing towards the relief of over six million Jews located in the Far Eastern War Zone?”
1916 – The Tacoma Times, 28 February 1916: “… there were 6,000,000 Jews in Europe absolutely without food or resources.”
1916 – New York Times, 28 February 1916: “Nearly six million Jews are ruined in the greatest moral and material misery; millions of them are refugees, dependent upon the good will of their brethren.”
Kalamazoo Gazette (Kalamazoo, MI), Wednesday, 1 March 1916, page 1: “WAR MAY MOVE 6,000,000 JEWS … Nearly six million Jews are ruined.”
1916 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 3 March 1916, page 6: “Position of the Jews in Russia. The Jews in Russia, numbering about six million, are denied full political and civil rights and are economically oppressed.”
1916 – New York Herald, 5 March 1916, Section III, page 10: “Six million Jews, old men, women and little children, are suffering from the greatest calamity that has befallen Israel since the Egyptian bondage.”
1916 – North Devon Journal, 9 March 1916, page 7: “In Poland, in Southern and Western Russia, six million Jews resided when the War broke out. They lived there in the Pale of Settlement, in poverty, and were terribly overcrowded.”
1916 – Fort Wayne Journal Gazette (Ind.), 12 March 1916, page 34: “… six million Jews reported starving in the warring countries.”
1916 – El Paso Herald, 22 April 1916, page 5: “Six Million Jews Are Deprived Of Papers By Russian Censorship. … Six million Jews have been robbed of their newspapers.”
1916 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 4 August 1916: “… six million Jews …”
1917 – Corsicana Daily Sun, 16 February 1917, page 2: “Six million Jews are living in lands where they are oppressed, exploited, crushed and robbed of every inalienable human right.”
1918 – Fort Wayne News and Sentinel (Ind.), 22 June 1918, page 1: “In the war zone of Europe there are six million Jews who have been the war’s worst sufferers, …”
1918 – The Columbus Jewish Chronicle, 28 June 1918, page 1: “Claims Palestine Has Room For Six Million… It is quite possible for Palestine to find room for five to six millions… 800,000 hectares will suffice to produce the food of six millions of people, …”
1918 – The Bakersfield Californian, 30 July 1918, page 4: “… the six million starving Jews in Poland, Galicia and other stricken Eastern provinces…”
1918 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 5 September 1918: “… Russia, where the bulk of the Jewish people to the number of well over six million still dwell, is a land of blood and midnight darkness.”
1918 – The Columbus Jewish Chronicle, 13 September 1918, page 1: “The report describes the havoc the war has caused among the six million Jews of Russia. Driven by the invading armies, the Jews have been compelled to flee from their homes;”
1918 – New York Times, 18 October 1918, page 12: “Six million Souls Will Need Help to Resume Normal Life When War Is Ended. … Committee of American Jews Lays Plans for the Greatest Humanitarian Task in History. … 6,000,000 Jews Need Help.”
1919 – The Bourbon News, 1 April 1919, page 4: “… six million Jews in Poland, Lithuania, Galicia, Palestine, Turkey and Siberia who are dying of starvation, …”
1919 – The Corsicana Daily Sun, 3 April 1919, page 5: “SIX MILLION ARE STARVING … It is estimated that there are six million Jewish women, children and aged men actually starving to death.”
1919 – The Galveston Daily News, 4 April 1919, page 3: “Six million Jews in Poland, Lithuania, Galicia, Palestine, Turkey and Siberia are dying of starvation. … These six million despairing souls are totally dependent on American generosity for the bare necessities of life.”
1919 – The Watchman and Southron, 5 April 1919: “Six million Jews in Poland, Lithuania, Galicia, Palestine, Turkey and Siberia are dying of starvation. … These six million despairing souls are totally dependent on American generosity for the bare necessities of life.”
1919 – The Galveston Daily News, 5 April 1919, page 5: “Six million Jews are dying of starvation.”
1919 – The Galveston Daily News, 6 April 1919, page 8: “The American Jewish Relief Committee is endeavoring to save from starvation six million Jews who are the helpless victims of the German terror.”
1919 – El Paso Herald, 7 April 1919: “… to save from starvation six million Jews who are the helpless victims of the German Terror.”
1919 – San Antonio Express, 8 April 1919, page 15: “The American Jewish Relief Committee is endeavoring to save from starvation six million Jews who are the helpless victims of the German terror.”
1919 – The Corsicana Daily Sun, 9 April 1919, page 8: “THE AMERICAN JEWISH RELIEF COMMITTEE IS ENDEAVOURING TO SAVE FROM STARVATION SIX MILLION JEWS WHO ARE THE HELPLESS VICTIMS OF THE GERMAN TERROR”
1919 – San Antonio Express, 9 April 1919, page 12: “At no other time in the history of the Jewish people has the need been so great as now. Six million of our brothers and sisters are dying of starvation. The entire race is threatened with extinction.”
1919 – Daily Kentucky New Era, Wednesday, 9 April 1919, pages 4f.: “The American Jewish Relief Committee is endeavouring to save from starvation six million Jews who are the helpless victims of the German Terror.”
1919 – The Wellington Leader (Tex.), 11 April 1919, page 1: “We wish to call the attention of our people to the great drive that is on to raise funds for the relief of the six million Jews who are starving in the war ridden districts of the east.”
1919 – The Corsicana, Semi-Weekly Light, 11 April 1919, page 5: “THE AMERICAN JEWISH RELIEF COMMITTEE IS ENDEAVOURING TO SAVE FROM STARVATION SIX MILLION JEWS WHO ARE THE HELPLESS VICTIMS OF THE GERMAN TERROR”
1919 – The Daily Courier (Pa.), 4 August 1919, section 2, page 1: “APPEALS TO AMERICA TO ACT QUICKLY IF LIVES OF SOME SIX MILLION JEWS ARE TO BE SAVED… The lives of some six million people are at stake.”
1919 – The Fulton Patriot, 3 September 1919, page 4: “WORLD JEWRY AT GREATEST CRISIS Leaders in America Striving to Save Race in Europe From Destruction. … All told, many million Christians and more than 6,000,000 Jews in countries other than the United States are being directly aided by American Jewish relief funds.”
1919 – New York Times, 8 September 1919, page 6: “127,000 Jews Have Been Killed and 6,000,000 Are in Peril. … 6,000,000 souls in Ukrainia and in Poland have received notice through action and by word that they are going to be completely exterminated – this fact stands before the whole world as the paramount issue of the present day.”
1919 – The Fort Wayne News and Sentinel, 17 September 1919, section 2, page 1: “… six million Jews are dying of starvation and where vast numbers of them—innocent victims of the ravages of war—wander homeless, and in rags.”
1919 – Trenton Evening Times (Trenton, N.J.), 28 September 1919, page 4: “Six Million Jews Reported Destitute in Eastern Europe.”
1919 – Rushville Daily Republican, 29 September 1919, page 4: “The thought that as I walk the streets of this prosperous and happy town there are 6,000,000 people in other lands without food, shelter or raiment is disturbing. … When I read, as I have read all my life, of the persecution and slaughter of the Jews I am not proud of my own race or my religion. … Six million people perishing!”
1919 – Tipton Tribune, 29 September 1919, page 2: “The thought that as I walk the streets of this prosperous and happy town there are 6,000,000 people in other lands without food, shelter or raiment is disturbing. … When I read, as I have read all my life, of the persecution and slaughter of the Jews I am not proud of my own race or my religion. … Six million people perishing!”
1919 – Fort Wayne Journal Gazette, 1 October 1919, page 4: “The thought that as I walk the streets of this prosperous and happy town there are 6,000,000 people in other lands without food, shelter or raiment is disturbing. … When I read, as I have read all my life, of the persecution and slaughter of the Jews I am not proud of my own race or my religion. … Six million people perishing!”
1919 – The Washington Democrat, 2 October 1919, page 1: “The thought that as I walk the streets of this prosperous and happy town there are 6,000,000 people in other lands without food, shelter or raiment is disturbing. … When I read, as I have read all my life, of the persecution and slaughter of the Jews I am not proud of my own race or my religion. … Six million people perishing!”
1919 – The Colorado Springs Gazette, 2 October 1919: “SIX MILLION JEWS FORM DAILY IN A BREAD LINE … Six million Jews, men, women and children, a number as great as the population of the state of Illinois including Chicago, form the bread line in Europe every day.”
1919 – Janesville Daily Gazette (Wis.), 4 October 1919, page 4: “… the Feast Day of Rosh Hashonah. It was not a feast day for some six million starving Jews of Europe because every day for the past four years has been a fast day for them. … the five year fast that has been the lot of the 6,000,000 Jews in Europe.”
1919 – Sheboygan Press (Wis.), 4 October 1919, page 2: “… the Feast Day of Rosh Hashonah. It was not a feast day for some six million starving Jews of Europe because every day for the past four years has been a fast day for them. … the five year fast that has been the lot of the 6,000,000 Jews in Europe.”
1919 – The Pittsburgh Gazette Times – 5 October 1919, section 6, page 16: “Still they live—these 6,000,000 helpless, starving, homeless people … JEWISH WAR RELIEF COMMITTEE”
1919 – The Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette (Ind.), 6 October 1919, page 3: “With six million of their population in absolute want, they are unable alone to render sufficient aid… There are to-day to be found in the ten provinces of Russia, Poland and the fifteen provinces called the ‘Pale of Settlement’ six millions of these peaceful and law abiding people… We do not see with our eyes the evidences of want and degradation into which six million Jews have been thrown suddenly through no fault of their own.”
1919 – Indiana Weekly Messenger, 9 October 1919, page 1 & 4: “Life for six millions in the shadow of death! … Six millions mean what? … Six million souls, old men, old women, and little children in Poland, Lithuania, Russia, Palestine, Galicia, Turkey, Syria, Roumania, Greece, and Bulgaria are in imminent danger of starving to death this winter. … The responsibility of maintaining life in these six million sufferers rests upon every man and woman in the United States… Helping the Jews in their extremity is not helping the Bolsheviks,” the speaker emphatically declared.”
1919 – Schenectady Gazette, 16 October 1919, page 15: “Today 6,000,000 Jews Are Facing the Darkest Days Ever Known in the Long History of the Race.”
1919 – Titusville Herald, 18 October 1919, page 4: “… Jewish Relief Fund… Contribute Today, the Last Day and Help Save From Death Six Millions of Starving People.”
1919 – San Francisco Chronicle, 19 October 1919, page 18: “6,000,000 JEWS IN BREAD LINE, STRAUS WRITES. More Than Third of Entire Race in World Reduced to Despair in Europe. … Six million Jews, out of the 16,000,000 in the world…”
1919 – Cape Vincent Eagle, 23 October 1919: “… there are six million people in other lands without food, shelter or raiment is disturbing. … When read, as I have read all my life, of the persecution and slaughter of the Jews I am not proud of my own race or of my religion.”
1919 – Martin H. Glynn, “The Crucifixion of Jews Must Stop!” The American Hebrew, 31 October 1919, page 582: “From across the sea six million men and women call to us for help … Within them reside the illimitable possibilities for the advancement of the human race as naturally would reside in six million human beings. … In this catastrophe, when six million human beings are being whirled toward the grave by a cruel and relentless fate, only the most idealistic promptings of human nature should sway the heart and move the hand. Six million men and women are dying from lack of the necessaries of life […] bigoted lust for Jewish blood. In this threatened holocaust of human life in the name of the humanity of Moses to six million famished men and women. Six million men and women are dying … six million Jewish men and women are starring across the seas …”
1919 – The Evening Tribune Providence, 31 October 1919, page 11: “In the midst of our campaign for the relief of the six million Jews of Eastern Europe…”
1919 – The Record (Johnson City, N.Y.), 1 November 1919, page 8: “There are 6,000,000 Jews in eastern Europe whom the war has left dependent upon America for aid.”
1919 – Beatrice Daily Sun (Neb.), 8 November 1919, page 2: “The territory which Mr. Hoover visited is but a part of that in which 6,000,000 Jews, suffers of war and war’s equally horrible after-math, stand helpless today, … The Need: SIX MILLION STARVING SOULS. Six million Jews in Poland, Lithuania, Galicia, Palestine, Turkey and Siberia are dying of starvation. … These six million despairing souls are totally dependent on American generosity for the bare necessities of life. The Object: $35,000,000 for 6,000,000 LIVES”
1919 – Lebanon Daily News (Pa.), 11 November 1919, page 2: “DISEASE AND STARVATION IN POLAND Lieut. Wright Tells of Half Starved People Clad in Rags BREAD OUT OF LEAVES Says 6,000,000 Face Death This Winter Unless Given Immediate Relief… 6,000,000 Face Death… Six million Jews in eastern Europe face death during the coming winter, …”
1919 – Felix M. Warburg, New York Times, 12 November 1919: “The Jews were the worst sufferers in the war. The successive blows of contending armies have all but broken the back of European Jewry and have reduced to tragically unbelievable poverty, starvation and disease about 6,000,000 souls, or half the Jewish population of the earth.”
1919 – Gouverneur Free Press, 12 November 1919: “Six Million Men and Women Are Dying… Won’t You Help Them? … From across the sea six million men and women call to us for help… in six million human beings… In this catastrophe, when six million human beings are being whirled toward the grave by a cruel and relentless fate… Six million men and women are dying… Six million men and women are dying… Because of this war for Democracy six million Jewish men and women are starving across the seas… Six million men and women of the race that helped do the greatest of the world’s work are falling into the grave! … six million famished men and women now turn mute eyes of appeal…”
1919 – Chester Times (Pa.), 28 November 1919, page 15: “There are 6,000,000 Jews in Eastern Europe whom the war has left dependent upon us for aid.”
1919 – Ironwood News Record (Mich.), 6 December 1919, page 9: “For First Time in History of Race, Jews Are Asking Others For Help. … They are doing it because six million Jews in eastern and central Europe are actually in need of food at this moment. … The problem of 6,000,000 starving men, women and little children ought to be the problem of all humanity.”
1919 – Lima News (Ohio), 24 December 1919, page 3: “Today Six Million Jews Are Facing the Darkest Days Ever Known In the History of the Race.”
1919 – The Toledo News-Bee, 27 December 1919: “Six Million Human Beings Are Suffering the Tortures of Disease, Hunger and Death… American Jewish Relief Committee”
1920 – Van Wert Daily Bulletin (Ohio), 5 January 1920, page 3: “… Jewish relief work in Europe and Asia. There are six million Jews in the two continents who because of the war have been made destitute.”
1920 – Manti Messenger (Utah), 19 March 1920: “Just now some six million of Jews, eight hundred thousand of them just children, are in imminent danger of starvation in eastern Europe.”
1920 – Tulsa Daily World, 11 April 1920, section B, page 14: “Today 6,000,000 Jews Are Facing the Darkest Days Ever Known in the Long History of the Race”
1920 – Utica Herald-Dispatch, 20 April 1920, page 9: “Today 6,000,000 Jews Are Facing the Darkest Days Ever Known in the Long History of the Race.”
1920 – New York Times, 1 May 1920, page 8: “Just Another Drive, but the Lives of 6,000,000 Human Beings Wait Upon the Answer.”
1920 – New York Times, 2 May 1920, page 1: “… six million human beings, without food, shelter, clothing or medical treatment.”
1920 – New York Times, 3 May 1920, page 11: “Your help is needed to save the lives of six million people in Eastern and Central Europe.”
1920 – New York Times, 5 May 1920, page 9: “… to save six million men and women in Eastern Europe from extermination by hunger and disease.”
1920 – New York Times, 5 May 1920, page 19: “Six million starving, fever-stricken sufferers in war-torn Europe appeal to us.”
1920 – New York Times, 7 May 1920: “… Jewish war sufferers in Central and Eastern Europe where six millions face horrifying conditions of famine, disease and death.”
1920 – A poster tied to a lamppost in a photograph in the 1 June 1920 edition (Vol. 1, No. 3) of Jewish Relief News: “JEWISH WAR RELIEF CAMPAIGN (—) MAY 2 TO 9 (—) SIX MILLION STARVING SOULS”
1920 – Montgomery Advertiser (Montgomery, AL), 29 June 1920, page 5: “Must They Pay the Price? Victims of the War—In the Path of Five Armies […] Six Million Jews have been pillaged, plundered, mal-treated, driven about the country like cattle.”
1920 – Ogden Standard Examiner, 8 August 1920, page 9: “PUSH DRIVE FOR JEWISH RELIEF … Mr. Bond declared today that there are six million jews [sic] in eastern and central Europe whom the war has left dependent upon America.”
1920 – The Ogden Standard-Examiner, 20 August 1920: “… there are six million Jews in eastern and central Europe whom the war has left dependent upon America.”
1920 – New York Tribune, 29 August 1920: “Six million Jews were made homeless by five years of foreign and domestic wars.”
1920 – Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 29 August 1920: “Six million Jews had been made homeless, starving, naked and plague ridden by five years of foreign and domestic wars that swept Poland.”
1921 – New York Times, 20 July 1921, page 2: “BEGS AMERICA SAVE 6,000,000 IN RUSSIA. Russia’s 6,000,000 Jews are facing extermination by massacre.”
The New York Call, 2 January 2, 1922, page 2: “JEWS MEET HERE JAN. 15 TO PLAN CAMPAIGN FOR $6,000,000 FOR RELIEF”
1922 – Lowell Sun (Mass.), 22 March 1922, page 14: “The Jews in the immediate district for which the aid of the war sufferers’ campaign is to be given numbered over six million. … Over 300,000 orphans, over 150,000 desecrated women, over six million wandering Jews walking, crawling in their misery, feeding on the bark of trees and on herbs that grow by the wayside.”
1925 – Lawrence Journal-World (Kansas), 29 June 1925, page 5: “Jewish National Fund Invests Almost $6,000,000 in Palestine”
1926 – Encyclopaedia Britannica, 13th Edition, Vol. 1, 1926, page 145: “While there remain in Russia and Rumania over six millions of Jews who are being systematically degraded…”
1926 – Canadian Jewish Review, 9 April 1926, page 4: “… the extreme need of 6,000,000 Jews in Russia and Poland, …”
1926 – New York Times, 21 April 1926: “In Heaven’s Name, Arouse the Jews of America! New York’s Quota: $6,000,000 United Jewish Campaign of New York”
1930 – The Daily Times (Pa.), 15 March 1930, page 5: “Will Raise $6,000,000 for Upbuilding Palestine and to Rehabilitate Jews of Eastern Europe”
1931 – The Montreal Gazette, 28 December 1931, page 25: “SIX MILLION JEWS FACE STARVATION. … FEARS CRISIS AT HAND. … six million Jews in Eastern Europe face starvation, and even worse, during the coming winter.”
1932 – Symphony of Six Million, movie, 29 April 1932; directed by Gregory La Cava, written by Fannie Hurst (story), J. Walter Ruben, Bernard Schubert (screenplay), starring Ricardo Cortez.
1933 – New York Times, 29 March 1933: The Joint Distribution Committee “is now active in relief and reconstructive work in Eastern Europe where 6,000,000 Jews are involved.”
1933 – New York Times, 1 June 1933, page 6: “Dr. Margoshes said he had received a letter from the poet at Zurich a few days ago, stating that she had ‘run away from the holocaust…’”
1933 – The Jewish Western Bulletin, 21 September 1933: “At this period of human persecution and of human destruction, when life, especially Jewish life has ceased to be of any value in the cruel land of bloody Germany, when the lives of hundreds of thousands are tortured and hang in the balance – during this holocaust…”
1935 – New York Times, 8 September 1935, page 26: “The preliminary session of the first world conference of the Federation of Polish Jews being attended by sixty delegates from eighteen countries representing 6,000,000 Jews…”
1936 – Kabbalist & Zionist Jacob de Hass, B’nai B’rith Magazine The National Jewish Monthly, Volume 50, Number 6, March 1936.: “Six million Jews are affected by this omnipresent fear (‘of another world war’)”
1936 – Chaim Weizmann, Reden und Aufsätze 1901-1936, Jüd. Bucherverlag Erwin Löwe, Berlin 1937, page 272-4: “It is no exaggeration to say that six million Jews are sentenced to be imprisoned in this part of the world, where they are unwanted, and for whom the countries are divided into those, where they are unwanted, and those, where they are not admitted. … It is ultimately the fate of six million people!”
1936 – New York Times, 31 May 1936, page 14: “AMERICANS APPEAL FOR JEWISH REFUGE.” The petition, in expressing the opinion of enlightened Christian leadership in the United States, favoring a larger Jewish immigration into Palestine, stressed the intolerable sufferings of the millions of Jews in “the European holocaust. … to save these unfortunate millions from total annihilation…”
1936 – The Jewish Western Bulletin, 2 June 1936, page 3: “Great Britain has it within her power to throw open the gates of Palestine and let in the victimized and persecuted Jews escaping from the European holocaust.”
1936 – The Montreal Gazette, 8 August 1936, page 5: “Delegates of 32 Nations Represent six million Hebrews.”
1936 – Chaim Weizmann, speech before the Peel Commission on Palestine, King David Hotel in Jerusalem, November 25, 1936: “If one goes further afield (in Europe), and takes the Jewries of Rumania, Latvia, Lithuania, Austria, ones see practically the same picture, and it is no exaggeration on my part to say that today six million — I am not speaking of the Jews in Persia and Morocco and such places, who are very inarticulate, one hears very little of them — in that part of the world are doomed to be pent up in places where they are not wanted, … These six million people to whom I have referred are condemned to live from hand to mouth. … it affects the fate of six million people.”
1936 – Chaim Weizmann, The (London) Times, 26 November 1936: “While in Western Europe many individual Jews had happy homes, in Eastern Europe there were 6,000,000 unwanted unfortunates who were condemned to be penned up in places where they could not live. … the presence of these 6,000,000 people without a future whose condition was a threat to Europe.”
1936 – Chaim Weizmann, The Jewish Western Bulletin, 11 December 1936, page 3: “… where six million Jews are in a position which is neither life nor death.”
1936 – New York Post, 11 December 1936, page 19: “JEWISH RELIEF BOARD TO HEAR LEHMAN SUDAY Gathering to consider the crisis confronting 6,000,000 Jews in Central and Eastern Europe, …”
1937 – Fitchburg Sentinel, 17 February 1937, page 1 & 11: “Stating that “6,000,000 Jews in central Europe have neither life nor death because of extreme persecution,” Mrs Emanuel Halpern of New York city, member of the national board of Hadassah urged… Today there are 6,000,000 million (sic) Jews in central Europe who have neither life nor death.”
1937 – The Jewish Criterion, 3 September 1937: “the position of the six million Jews of Central and Eastern Europe with whose existence the J.D.C.” was “so vitally concerned.”
1937 – Albany Evening News (NY), 27 May 1937, page 6.: “The plight of six million Jews in Europe is an outstanding indictment against the ruthlessness of dictatorships that have seen fit to utilize uncivilized and thoroughly un-Christian methods in the persecution of minorities, in order to gain their personal and selfish attainments. It is our duty to try to alleviate the perilous conditions of the youth in Germany and Poland, and it is the duty of every Jew to assist in raising the quota that is allotted to use [recte: us].”
1937 – Chaim Weizmann speech (4 August 37) at the World Zionist Conference, Switzerland, The Manchester Guardian (UK), 9 August 1937, page 13: “I told the Royal Commission [on Palestine, Nov 25, 1936] that the hopes of 6,000,000 Jews are centred on emigration. Then I was asked: ‘But can you bring 6,000,000 to Palestine?’ I replied: ‘No. I am acquainted with the laws of physics and chemistry and I know the force of material factors. In our generation I divide the figure by three, and you can see in that the depth of the Jewish tragedy—two millions of youth, with their lives before them, who have lost the most elementary of rights, the right to work.’ The old ones will pass, they will bear their fate or they will not. They are dust, economic and moral dust in a cruel world.”
1937 – The Jewish Western Bulletin, 31 December 1937: “The number six million is often used to describe the Jewish population of Central and Eastern Europe.”
1938 – New York Times, 9 January 1938, page 12: “PERSECUTED JEWS SEEN ON INCREASE. 6,000,000 VICTIMS NOTED. … Five to six million in all are today the victims of governmental anti-Semitism…”
1938 – New York Times, 23 February 1938, page 23: “A depressing picture of 6,000,000 Jews in Central Europe deprived of protection or economic opportunities, slowly dying of starvation, all hope gone… Now anti-Semitism has spread to thirteen European nations, and threatens the very existence of millions of Jews.”
1938 – Sunday Times-Advertiser (Trenton, N.J.), 20 March 1938: “The simple fact is that the fate of six million Jews in Poland, Roumania, Germany and Austria hangs in the balance.”
1938 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 1 April 1938, page 15: “I shall not comment upon the first except to remind you that six million Jews in Europe are struggling between life and death.”
1938 – The Guardian, 4 April 1938, page 11: “Six million Jews at this moment are trapped like rats…”
1938 – New York Times, 2 May 1938: “The rising tide of anti-Semitism in Europe today, which has deprived more than 6,000,000 Jews and non-Aryans of a birthright…”
1938 – Jacob Lestshinsky, “The Jews of Central Europe,” in Jewish Frontier, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 1938, page 13: “EVERY NATION is morally compelled to face the bitter truth. This article is written not with the intent of bewailing our plight but in order to arrive at a factual calculation of the status of six million Jews in Central and Eastern Europe and of the prospects that exist in the lands of immigration.”
1938 – Port Arthur News, 9 June 1938, page 1: “It is estimated that nearly six million Jews have been driven from their homes by ruthless oppressors and stripped not only of their property but their right to work for a living.”
1938 – Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, 16 June 1938, page 18: “Judge Lewis urged American members of the race to swing moral and financial powers into the channels of evacuating some 6,000,000 Jews to Palestine.”
1938 – Turtle Mountain Star, Rolla, North Dakota, 6 October 1938: “Five or six million Jews, uprooted by dictatorship and tossed about by economic storms, may have to depend upon the development of the Holy Land, under British mandate, as a solution to their difficulties. But they face the hostility of the Arabs living there, whose economic and religious interests conflict with theirs. … protects the settlers from the raiding Arabs. … The Arabs Are Coming! … The dreaded Mohammedan raiders have been sighted by a neighbor settler…”
1938 – The Times, 22 November 1938: “Mass emigration of Jews to Palestine for two years and the formation of a Jewish national assembly was advocated by Sir John Haslam, M.P., in a message which he sent to a public meeting at the Kingsway Hall last night held by the New Zionist Organization. The message stated that the problem now involved some 6,000,000 Jews.”
1939 – New York Times, 15 January 1939, page 27: “Rabbi Silver wanted assistance to Jewish emigration safeguarded so that European governments would realize that ‘it is impossible to evacuate 6,000,000 Jews.’”
1939 – The Binghampton Press, 18 January 1939, page 8: “IRISH PLEA — Deputy Robert Briscoe, only Jewish member of the Irish Parliament, arrives in New York city to begin a campaign to enlist Americans in a plan for resettling approximately 6,000,000 Jews in Palestine.”
1939 – The Canadian Jewish Chronicle, 27 January 1939: “Only six million Jews remain at the moment safe. But they will have to carry the burden.”
1939 – The Daily Sentinel (Rome, N.Y.), 31 January 1939, page 11: “Does Mr. X really believe that if Hitler gains control of Spain with the help of Franco, that life in Spain will be any different than it is today in Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia where 6,000,000 Jews have been murdered, …”
1939 – Chaim Weizmann, The Palestine Post, 14 February 1939: “The fate of six million people was in balance…”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 17 February 1939, page 20: “The fate of six million people is in the balance. … They supported their stand with a declaration that Jews never needed unrestricted immigration to Palestine as much as at present, with 6,000,000 Jewish refugees seeking a haven.”
1939 – The Evening Independent, 22 February 1939, page 1: “6,000,000 Helpless. … there are six million Jews in Europe today fighting desperately against intolerance and despair. For them the support of the united appeal is crucial.”
1939 – The Jewish Western Bulletin, 3 March 1939: “SIX MILLION JEWS OVERSEAS FACING PERSECUTION, DISCRIMINATION AND ECONOMIC RUIN …”
1939 –The Advocate: America’s Jewish Journal. Vols. 95-98, 17 March 1939, page 47: “If the six million Jews that constitute the European scene were removed from the lands where they now dwell the forces of brutality and ruthlessness would still continue to operate.”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 7 April 1939, page 4: “Not in Hitler’s Hands, In Yours… The Fate Of Six Million European Jews”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 7 April 1939, page 33: “… six million Jewish people who are in dire need today.”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 14 April 1939, page 4: “Recent events in Central Europe have brought to 6,000,000 the total number of Jews in Central and Eastern European countries affected by anti-Semitic activities.”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 14 April 1939, page 6: “… whether our 6,000,000 fellow countrymen will live or die… More than a million refugees, starving, tortured, fear-dazed, have been dragged from their homes, separated from their families, expelled from their countries. Five million more, await with horror the moment this misery will strike them…”
1939 – Chester Times (Pa.), 20 April 1939, page 6: “Six million Jews are the stepchildren of fate in Europe today.”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 21 April 1939, page 15: “… the distress and suffering of 6,000,000 Jews in Europe. … HAVE YOU DONE YOUR DUTY? THE UNITED JEWISH FUND NEEDS YOUR HELP FOR THE HELPLESS 6,000,000 IN EUROPE
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 28 April 1939, page 3: “… 6,000,000 fellow Jews who are in distress today.”
1939 – The Niagara Falls Gazette, 1 May 1939, page 15: “ITHACA RABBI SAYS FREE JEWS MUST AID HARASSED BRETHREN Six Million Jews Are Refugees, Members of B’nai B’rith Lodges Told. Three-eights of the world’s Jewish population of 16,000,000 persons, or approximately 6,000,000 persons, are potential refugees. … Rabbi Fischoff declared that the 6,000,000 Jews or Christians of Jewish extraction are in real of imminent danger due to the spread of totalitarianism in the world.”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 5 May 1939, page 9: “PLIGHT OF 6,000,000 … The 6,000,000 European Jews …”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 12 May 1939, page 7: “The year of 1939 is the year of the most critical struggle of 6,000,000 European Jews.”
1939 – Western Morning News (Devon, UK), 8 June 1939, page 6: “PLIGHT OF THE UNWANTED … A little more than a month ago Lord Winterton, chairman of the Evian Committee, declared that the potential problem concerned five or six million Jews.”
1939 – Ohio Jewish Chronicle, 30 June 1939, page 1: “The crisis which Jews of Europe are facing today envelops far more than six million souls.”
1939 – Contemporary Jewish Record, Vol. 2, No. 5, September-October 1939, page 3 (Published by the American Jewish Committee): “… the coming war would be the annihilation of the six million Jews in East and Central Europe.”
1939 – The Sentinel (Chicago, IL), 12 October 1939.: “… the coming war would be the annihilation of the six million Jews in East and Central Europe.”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 13 October 1939, page 2: “… the coming war would be the annihilation of the six million Jews in East and Central Europe.”
1939 – Samuel Broncheck, Syracuse Herald-Journal, 30 October 1939, page 15: “… in Poland alone there are 6,000,000 Jews who are now subject to Hitler’s persecution or Stalin’s ‘communizing.’”
1939 – The Southern Israelite, 28 November 1939: “… the coming war would be the annihilation of the six million Jews in East and Central Europe.”
1940 – Mason City Globe Gazette (Iowa), 20 January 1940, page 16: “Mr. Tannenbaum stressed that Palestine offered the only solution to the six million Jews who are homeless, starving and sick in central and eastern Europe today.”
1940 – The Southern Israelite, 3 May 1940: “Almost six million Jews find themselves on the brink of starvation and extermination. Their only hope is the help which the Jews of America can extend to them. The success of the United Jewish Appeal will determine their fate.”
1940 – Robert W. Schiff, Ohio Jewish Chronicle, 17 May 1940, page 1: “Over six million Jews in Central and Eastern Europe are faced with great danger of annihilation as the result of the sweep of war and oppression.”
1940 – New York Times, 25 June 1940, page 4: “Six million Jews in Europe are doomed to destruction, if the victory of Nazis should be final. … The chances for mass emigration and resettlement of European Jewry seem to be remote, and European Jews face the danger of physical annihilation. Even the 4,000,000 Jews under Soviet rule, although free from racial discrimination, are not safe in the event of a final Nazi victory.”
1940 – Joplin News Herald (Missouri), 25 June 1940, page 3: “Six million Jews in Europe are doomed to destruction.”
1940 – The Palm Beach Post, 25 June 1940: “Dr. Nahum Goldmann […] said today that if the Nazis should achieve final victory ‘6,000,000 Jews in Europe are doomed to destruction.”
1940 – Ohio Jewish Chronicle, 28 June 1940, page 1: “The lives of six million Jews have been uprooted by the psychopathic, political ambitions of totalitarian leaders.”
1940 – The Palestine Post, 1 July 1940, page 6: “Nor must we despair that six million Jews will forever lose trace of their historic heritage.”
1940 – The Jewish Criterion, 15 November 1940: “J.N.F. to Raise $6,000,000 for Palestine During Coming Year. … the Jewish National Fund of America voted to raise $6,000,000 for the holy land’s war needs during the coming year.”
1941 – Salt Lake Tribune, 5 February 1941, page 2: “Nazis Prepare Blueprint Of All World Enslaved … Later, the survivors will all be sent to whatever ‘reservation’ the Nazis finally decide to set up—all six million of Europe’s Jews.”
1941 – New York Times, 2 October 1941: “… as to avoid the likelihood of another holocaust.”
1941 – The Jewish Criterion, 28 November 1941: “6,000,000 Jews in Europe Look to America for Aid, Says Warburg. Fully six million Jews in Europe …”
1942 – The Jewish Spectator, Volume 7, 1942, page 53: “Now, too, the unspeakable tragedy of almost six million Jews under nazi domination is not considered sufficiently important to be discussed.”
1942 – The Palestine Post, 1 November 1942: “The Chief Rabbi, who spoke on behalf of Empire Jewry and Jews of the United Nations, as well as of all six million Jews in Europe, said that the deliberate extinction of the whole house of Israel was being carried out by Hitler’s sadists and quislings on a scale beyond compare even in the annals of Israel.”
1942 – New York Times, 13 December 1942, page 21: “Rabbi Israel Goldstein in Temple B’nai Jeshurun, Eighty-eighth Street, near Broadway, declared: “Authenticated reports point to 2,000,000 Jews who have already been slain by all manner of satanic barbarism, and plans for the total extermination of all Jews upon whom the Nazis can lay their hands. The slaughter of a third of the Jewish population in Hitler’s domain and the threatened slaughter of all is a holocaust without parallel.”
1942 – The Courier-Mail (Brisbane), 19 December 1942: “GERMAN HORROR CRIMES; ALLIES PROMISE JUSTICE. Statements issued simultaneously in London, Washington and Moscow, told of German barbarity and of proof of the Nazi determination to exterminate Jews. … Hitler’s decision to exterminate the Jews… It is estimated that there are between five and six million Jews in Occupied Europe… Nazi Slaughter House. … Hitler’s oft-repeated intention to exterminate the Jewish people in Europe.”
1942 – Barrier Miner (Australia), 23 December 1942: “Mr. Silverman suggested that Australia and Canada could each absorb 6,000,000 Jews. … MOST ARE DOOMED… The Jewish Congress declares that 2,000,000 Jews have been exterminated so far.”
1942 – The Massacre of a People: What the Democracies Can Do, 1943. The following article is an excerpt from “Let My People Go,” a pamphlet written on Christmas Day 1942 in London: “Of the six million Jews or so who were living at the outbreak of the war in what is at present Nazi-occupied Europe, a high proportion—between one and two million—have been deliberately murdered by the Nazis and their satellites. … Unless something effective is done, within a very few months these six million Jews will all be dead, …”
1943 – American Zionist Emergency Council (as of 1970: American Zionist Movement) , Palestine, Volumes 1-5 (1943): “Jewish civilian casualties will be close to six million…”
1943 – Debates: House of Commons, official report, volume 5, Canada, 1943: “I should like to read a bit from a pamphlet entitled “Let My People Go,” written by Victor Gollancz: Of the 6,000,000 Jews or so who were living at the outbreak of the war in what is at present nazi-occupied Europe, a high proportion -say between one and two million- have been deliberately murdered by the nazis and their satellites. … within a very few months these six million Jews will all be dead…”
1943 – The Canberra Times, 25 January 1943: “… Jews are being subjected as part of Hitler’s plan to exterminate six million Jews in occupied Europe.”
1943 – The (London) Times, 25 January 1943: “They note further that the extermination already carried out is part of the carrying into effect of Hitler’s oft-repeated intention to exterminate the Jewish people in Europe, which means in effect the extermination of some 6,000,000 persons in the territories over which Hitler’s rule has been extended.”
1943 – Lowell Sun (Mass.), 26 January 1943, page 9: “Of these six million Jews, almost a third have already been massacred by Germans, Rumanians and Hungarians and the most conservative of scorekeepers estimate that before the war ends at least another third will have been done to death.”
1943 – The Guardian, 27 January 1943, page 4: “A PROPOSAL TO SAVE THE JEWS… Some six million lives remained in imminent peril.”
1943 – The Canadian Jewish Review, 29 January 1943, page 1: “… Hitler really intended to exterminate 6,000,000 more human beings.”
1943 – The Zionist Review, 29 January 1943, page 3: “A statement calling on the Government to declare its readiness to co-operate in finding an immediate refuge for all Jewish refugees from death at the hands of the Nazis has been issued by the Archbishops of Canterbury (Dr. Temple), York (Dr. Garbett), and Wales (Dr. Green). … They note, further, that the extermination already carried out is part of the carrying into effect of Hitler’s oft-repeated intention to exterminate the Jewish people in Europe, which means in effect the extermination of some 6,000,000 persons in the territories over which Hitler’s rule has been extended.”
1943 – Hull Daily Mail, 30 January 1943, page 3: “Mr Gollancz states that of the six million Jews living at the outbreak of war in the present Nazi-dominated areas, between one and two million have been deliberately murdered.”
1943 – Contemporary Jewish Record, Volume 6, No. 1, February 1943 (Published by the American Jewish Committee): “Suddenly, during the summer of 1942, world public opinion was shocked out of its lethargy by the realization that the Nazis had decreed the complete extinction of six million Jews and that a third of the victims had already perished.”
1943 – Ben Hecht, Reader’s Digest, February 1943, page 108: “Of these 6,000,000 Jews almost a third have already been massacred by Germans, Rumanians and Hungarians, and the most conservative of the scorekeepers estimate that before the war ends at least another third will have been done to death.”
1943 – Western Morning News (Devon, UK), 5 February 1943, page 2: “There are some who hold that Hitler’s set purpose is the extermination of the Jews in Occupied Europe, numbering about six millions. … We can neither accommodate six million Jews here nor dictate the attitude of other Governments.”
1943 – New York Times, 2 March 1943: “… appalling is the fact that those who proclaim the Four Freedoms have so far done very little to secure even the freedom to live for 6,000,000 of their Jewish fellow men by readiness to rescue those who might still escape Nazi torture and butchery.”
1943 – The Canadian Jewish Review, 14 March 1943, page 8: “Two millions of Jews have already been done to death. Six millions in mid-Europe are sentenced to die.”
1943 – Wallace R. Deuel, Cumberland Evening Times, 23 March 1943, page 1: “The Nazis set out in the beginning to destroy whole peoples. They expected to obliterate from the earth not less than 6,000,000 Jews as a beginning.”
1943 – The Advertiser (Adelaide, Australia), 15 May 1943: “… the possibility of the complete wiping out of six million Jews if something is not immediately done to secure a harbour of refuge.”
1943 – 21 July 1943, Ben Hecht’s show We Shall Not Die staged at the Hollywood Bowl, California: “The Germans murdered 2,000,000 Jewish civilians without trouble; the Germans are murdering the surviving 4,000,000 Jewish civilians of Europe without trouble.”
1943 – The Yorkshire Post and Leeds Mercury, 7 December 1943, page 1.: “Hitler had pronounced a sentence of death on the 6,000,000 Jews of Europe. The Nazis had already murdered two millions by machine-gun and lethal chamber, by torture and hunger, and were now busy exterminating the third million.”
1943 – The Canadian Jewish Review, 13 August 1943, page 8: “Two million Jews out of Europe’s six million have already been slaughtered by the Nazis; most of the remainder seem doomed, …”
1943 – Toledo Blade, 27 August 1943: “3,000,000 Jews Left In Europe – 5,300,000 Reported To Have Perished. Europe’s Jewish population has been reduced from 8,300,000 to 3,000,000 during the 10 years the Nazis have been in power, says the Institute of Jewish Affairs.”
1944 – The Palestine Post, 23 January 1944: “Only a handful of Polish Jews survived the extermination. They were now either with the partisans in the forests or living as Crypto-Jews. The death toll was six million, they declared.”
1944 – The Polish Jewish Observer (Section of The City and East London Observer), 4 February 1944, p. 1.: “6,000,000 JEWS SLAIN? THAT the [sic] appalling total of 6,000,000 Jews have been slaughtered in Poland was testified to by the two members of the Polish underground movement who have just arrived in Palestine. […] The figure of 6,000,000 slain, it was said, included Jews deported to Poland from various European countries.”
1944 – The Montreal Gazette, 18 March 1944, page 11: “There must be insurance that the Germans, unrepentant as they were after the last war, do not prepare another holocaust.”
1944 – Rabbi Michael Dov Ber Weissmandl, in a letter dated May 15, 1944, addressed to the Zionist leadership in Palestine: “And you – our brothers in Palestine, in all the countries of freedom, and you, ministers of all the kingdom – how do you keep silent in the face of this great murder? Silent while thousand on thousands, reaching now to six million Jews, were murdered.”
1944 – Rabbi Michael Dov Ber Weissmandl, 31 May 1944: “… heads of government and radio must announce what was done to our people in the slaughter house of Belzec, Malkinia (Treblinka), Sobibor, and Auschwitz. Till now six times a million Jews from Europe and Russia have been destroyed.”
1944 – Moshe Sharett, future Israeli PM, 15 June 1944. Quoted in a telegram (same day) from the British High Commissioner of Palestine to the Colonial Secretary in London (TNA Kew, T 161/1167): “Shertok derived the impression that enemy motives were mixed, and might be all or any of the following: (a) the purely realistic object of getting various commodities from us through the only medium of exchange available; (b) hope that by obtaining some credit in our eyes for not slaughtering 2,000,000 Jews they would get away with the fact that they had slaughtered 6,000,000 Jews already;”
1944 – United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America Convention Proceedings, 25-29 September 1944: “WHEREAS: History records no parallel to the bestial cruelties inflicted on the Jewish people of Europe by the Nazis and their satellites, whose coldly calculated program of extermination of all European Jews very nearly succeeded, almost six million Jews having been murdered in cold blood …”
1944 – Youngstown Vindicator (Ohio), 27 November 1944: “A five-volume ‘black book’ containing a documentary record of the German massacre of approximately 6,000,000 European Jews is being prepared by the state publishing house.”
1944 – The Pittsburgh Press, 28 November 1944, page 5: “Six Million Jews Listed Slaughtered. A five-volume ‘black book’ containing a documentary record of the German massacre of approximately six million European Jews was being prepared today by the State publishing house. … The work was under the general editorship of Ilya Ehrenburg and the editorial board included Poet-Playwright Konstantin Simonov, Writer Vsevold [Vsevolod] Ivanov and Poetess Vera Imber.”
1944 – The Leader, 28 November 1944: “Russian ‘Black Book’ lists German crimes. The first volume of a five-volume Russian ‘black book’ recording the documentary form of the German massacre of approximately 6,000,000 European Jews has been completed by the Soviet state publishing house … The five-volume work is under the general editorship of Ilya Ehrenburg, noted Soviet writer and war correspondent, with an editorial board that includes poet-playwright Kanstantin [Konstantin] Simonov, writer Vsevold [Vsevolod] Ivanov and poetess Vera Imber. Editors of the work -which will be published in both Russian and English in press runs of hundreds of thousands of copies- estimate from data now available that the Germans killed between 5,000,000 and 6,000,000 Jews in Russia, Poland and western Europe. They believe an additional 500,000 now are being murdered in Hungary.”
1944 – The Palestine Post, 28 November 1944: “SIX MILLIONS MURDERED. The Soviet State Publishing House is preparing the publication of another “Black Book,” a documentary record of the German massacre of approximately six million European Jews. … According to the Soviet editors, the Germans killed between five and six million Russian, Polish and Western European Jews, and an additional half million are being murdered in Hungary now.”
1944 – The Jewish Criterion, 1 December 1944: “… 5,500,000 Jews have been killed in Germany and German-occupied territories since the outbreak of the war. … Yes, the Germans murdered close to six million Jews…”
1944 – President of the Chester Zionist Organization, Rabbi Naphtali Frishberg, Chester Times (Pa.), 2 December 1944, page 6: “With six million dead abroad, how can the Council on Judaism …”
1944 – Springfield Republican (Springfield, Mass.), 4 December 1944, page 2: “6,000,000 JEWS DEAD, RESULT OF THE WAR … The war losses of world Jewish [sic], including those killed in action, now total more than 6,000,000, Dr Nahum Goldman told members of the executive committee of the New England division of the American Jewish congress today.”
1944 – Nahum Goldmann, Jewish Western Bulletin, 8 December 1944: “… apart from Jewish losses in combat service, 5,500,000 Jews have been killed in Germany and German-occupied territories since the outbreak of the war. These figures exceed the number anticipated even by the most pessimistic. … Yes, the Germans murdered close to six million Jews…”
1944 – Ilya Ehrenburg, Soviet War News, 22 December 1944: “In the regions they seized, Germans killed all Jews, from the old folks to infants in arms. Ask any German prisoners why his fellow countrymen annihilated six million innocent people…”
1945 – Ilya Ehrenburg, Soviet War News, 4 January 1945: “In regions they seized the Germans killed all the Jews from the old folk to infants in arms. Ask any German prisoner why his fellow countrymen annihilated six million innocent people and he will reply quite simply: ‘Why, they were Jews.’”
1945 – New York Times, 8 January 1945: “6,000,000 JEWS DEAD. The Jewish population in Europe has been reduced from 9,500,000 in 1939 to 3,500,000. Of the 6,000,000 European Jews who have died, 5,000,000 had lived in the countries under Hitler’s occupation.”
1945 – New York Times, 11 February 1945, page 10: “1,200,000 Jews survived of the 6,000,000 who had been under German rule during the war, and that most of them were eager to come to Palestine.”
1945 – New York Times, 17 February 1945: “Dr. Joseph Schwartz, European director of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, estimated today that 500,000 of Europe’s 6,000,000 Jews had escaped destruction by emigration and that only 1,000,000 to 1,500,000 of Europe’s 6,000,000 Jews were now left on the Continent.”
1945 – Ilya Ehrenburg, Pravda, 1 March 1945: “The world now knows that the Germans killed six million Jews. They killed all Jews – from infants at the breast to the aged.”
1945 – Ilya Ehrenburg, Soviet War News, 15 March 1945: “The world now knows that Germany has killed six million Jews.”
1945 – Joseph Thon, president of the National Organization of Polish Jews in America, 22 March 1945: “I accuse the whole German people that in the years 1939 to 1945 they slaughtered upward of 15,000,000 men, among which there were 6,000,000Jews. … The German people murdered, in cold blood, in excess of 6,000,000 European Jews, among them over 3,000,000 Polish Jews.”
1945 – Ilya Ehrenburg, The Advertiser (Adelaide), 27 March 1945: “… the Germans tortured the last handful of Jews. The Germans killed six million Jews -all the Jews of Poland, Hungary, the Ukraine, Lithuania, Byelo-Russia, West Europe and of course Germany.”
1945 – Army News (Darwin, Australia), 11 April 1945: “NAZIS HAVE MURDERED SIX MILLION JEWS. Of a population of 16 million Jews in the world before the war, more than six million had been murdered by the Nazis.”
1945 – New York Post, 21 April 1945, page 9: “The Nazi leaders felt they had nothing to fear. ‘They murdered six million Jews, but nothing was done. In the words of the Czech delegate to the London War Crimes Commission,’”
1866 – Brigham Young, The Latter-Day Saints’ Millennial Star, Vol. 28, London 1866, p. 677: “there are but about 6,000,000 Jews in the world”
1869 – The New York Times, 12 September 1869, page 8: “there are now living about 6,000,000 Israelites, nearly one half of whom live in Europe.” Repeated on 31 October 1869.
1889 – The New York Times, 10 February 1889: “How Many Jews Are There? […] the lowest [estimate] that could be entertained, stated the number of the ubiquitous race at 6,000,000.”
1891 – The New York Times, 26 January 1891: “Russia’s population of five million to six million Jews […] about six million persecuted and miserable wretches.”
1891 – Herold Frederic, “An Indictment of Russia,” The New York Times, 12 September 1891: “as to the entire number of Jews in Russia […] a total of 6,000,000 is most nearly correct.”
1896 – “Russia and Religious Liberty,” The New York Times, 15 March 1891: “the [Russian] Jews are 5,000,000 or 6,000,000.”
1900 – Stephen S. Wise, New York Times, 11 June 1900: “There are 6,000,000 living, bleeding, suffering arguments in favor of Zionism.”
1902 – Encyclopaedia Britannica, 10th Edition, Vol. 25, 1902, page 482: “While there are in Russia and Rumania six millions of Jews who are being systematically degraded…”
1902 – Samuel W. Goldstein, New York Times, 27 November 1902: “PLEA FOR ZIONISM… In answer I would say: Does Dr. Silverman represent the 6,000,000 Jews in Russia, 300,000 in Roumania and the 1,000,000 in Galicia?”
1903 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 18 September 1903, page 6: “… six million downtrodden brethren.”
1904 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 19 February 1904, page 2: “… where five or six million people existed under persecution.”
1904 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 7 October 1904, page 1: “… the final and definite deliverance of the six millions of Russian, Roumanian and Galician Jews… transporting five or six million people over the sea.”
1904 – Israel Zangwill, New York Times, 20 October 1904: “The problem does not relate to the American Jews, but to the 6,000,000 in Russia. The Russian Government has consented to allow the Jews to leave,”
1905 – New York Times, 29 January 1905: “[Rev Dr Harris] declared that a free and a happy Russia, with its 6,000,000 Jews, would possibly mean the end of Zionism, since the abolition of the autocracy would practically eliminate the causes that brought Zionism into existence.”
1905 – New York Times, 1 November 1905: “From 1890 to 1902 [Chief Procurator of the Holy Synod Pobledonostzeff] caused 6,000,000 Jewish families to be expelled from Russia…”
1906 – New York Times, 25 March 1906: “Startling reports the condition and future of Russia’s 6,000,000 Jews were made on March 12 in Berlin to the annual meeting of the Central Jewish Relief League of Germany by Dr. Paul Nathan… He left St. Petersburg with the firm conviction that the Russian Government’s studied policy for the ‘solution’ of the Jewish question is systematic and murderous extermination.”
1907 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 18 October 1907, page 13: “… for six million people cannot emigrate.
1908 – Deseret Evening News, 17 March 1908: “… poverty, starvation and disease are the afflictions which now beset the six million Jews in that country and Roumania.”
1908 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 7 August 1908: “… when six million Russian Jews are crying…”
1910 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 4 February 1910: “SIX MILLION BABIES SAVED BY STRAUS.”
1910 – “Many Jews Flee from Russia,” The New York Times, 13 March 1910: Russia’s “Jewish population of roundly 6,000,000”
1910 – “Russain Jews in Sad Plight,” The New York Times, 11 April 1910: “the systematic, relentless, quiet grinding down of a people of more than 6,000,000 souls,”
1911 – Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Vol. 2, 1911, page 145: “While there remain in Russia and Rumania over six millions of Jews who are being systematically degraded…”
1911 – Max Nordau speaking at the 1911 Zionist Congress. Ben Hecht, Perfidy, NY: Julian Messner, 1961, page 254: “But the same righteous Governments, who are so nobly, industriously active to establish the eternal peace, are preparing, by their own confession, complete annihilation for six million people,”
1911 – Fort Wayne Journal Gazette (Ind.), 4 June 1911, page 15: “PRINCE, PRIEST AND PEASANT WAGE WAR AGAINST SIX MILLION JEWS”
1911 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 18 August 1911, page 14: “Very soon a fervid Russian patriotism will reign in every Ghetto, and the melting-up of the race begin. But this absorption of the five or six million Jews…”
1911 – Max Nordau, The Jewish Chronicle (London), 18 August 1911, page 14: “… the downfall of six million creatures… for no war has ever yet destroyed six million human lives.”
1911 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 25 August 1911: “… six million Jews are still groaning under the most terrible yoke.”
1911 – Max Nordau, The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 1 September 1911, page 3: “… the downfall of six million creatures… for no war has ever yet destroyed six million human lives.”
1911 – Max Nordau, The Reform Advocate (Chicago), 9 September 1911: “… the downfall of six million creatures… for no war has ever yet destroyed six million human lives.”
1911 – New York Times, 31 October 1911: “The 6,000,000 Jews of Russia are singled out for systematic oppression and for persecution due to process of law.”
1911 – “Condition of the Jews in Russia Worst in History,” New York Times, 10 December 1911: “The Russian Government […] is making the 6,000,000 Jews a people economically exhausted—a people without any rights at all.”
1912 – American Jewish Year Book 5672 (23 Sep 1911 – 11 Sep 1912), page 308: “Russia has since 1890 adopted a deliberate plan to expel or exterminate six millions of its people for no other reason than that they refuse to become members of the Greek Church, but prefer to remain Jews.”
1912 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 5 January 1912: “… more than six million Jews reside in small towns and villages there is no Sabbath question.”
1912 – Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, New York Tribune, 11 September 1912, page 9: “Russia is now asphyxiating the Jews. It does not dare to offend the nations by blood spilling, so it is slowly, but surely grinding out the lives of 6,000,000 Jews.”
1913 – Fort Wayne Journal Gazette (Ind.), 18 October 1913, page 4: “There are six million Jews in Russia and the government is anxious to annihilate them by methods that provoke protests from the civilized world.”
1914 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 10 July 1914, page 9: “… where six million Jews are suffering…”
1914 – New York Times, 2 December 1914, page 12: “APPEAL FOR AID FOR JEWS. … the plight of more than 6,000,000 Jews… upon the Jewish people, more than nine millions of whom live in the countries at war and over six million of these in the actual war zone in Poland, Galicia and the whole of the Russian frontier.”
1915 – New York Times, 14 January 1915, page 3: “In the world today there are about 13,000,000 Jews, of whom more than 6,000,000 are in the heart of the war zone; Jews whose lives are at stake and who today are subjected to every manner of suffering and sorrow…”
1915 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 19 March 1915: “How the casting of six million people into the deepest abyss of servitude and outlawry is to relieve tension we cannot understand.”
1915 – The Sun (N.Y.), 6 June 1915, section 5, page 1: “Six million Jews, one-half of the Jewish people throughout the world, are being persecuted, hounded, humiliated, tortured, starved. … six million Jews in Russia… are being tortured so mercilessly.”
1915 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 25 June 1915: “The annihilation of the six million Jews now congregated in the Russian domains goes on in a well-defined and systematic manner.”
1915 – Jacob de Hass, The Boston Sunday Globe, 26 September 1915, page 46: “Indeed the only point that all warring elements are agreed upon is that at the end of the holocaust the Jews and Palestine will be more closely related than at present.”
1915 – New York Tribune, 14 October 1915: “What the Turks are doing to Armenians is child’s play compared to what Russia is doing to six million Jews, her own subjects.”
1915 – The Mercury, 4 December 1915: “… six millions of Russian and Polish Jews are to-day the most pitiable victims of that race hatred and that race fanaticism which have been the creed of Germany…”
1916 – The Jews in the Eastern War Zone, The American Jewish Committee (ed.), 1916, pages 19f., 29, 47, 60, 66: “… where six million human beings guilty only of adherence to the Jewish faith are compelled to live out their lives in squalor and misery, in constant terror of massacre… estimated at six million or more… of these six million people… a kind of prison with six million inmates… The persons most affected, the six million Jews of Russia… The Jews are loyal and brave, and it is most inadvisable to pursue a policy which might convert six million subjects into enemies.… the six million Jews of Russia still continued… nearly three of the six million…”
1916 – Sausalito News (CA), 22 January 1916, page 1: “… six million starving Polish Jews in the war stricken countries of Europe”
1916 – Oakland Tribune (Cal.), 26+27 January 1916, page 1 (FRONT PAGE ADVERT 2 DAYS RUNNING): “The President of the United States—6,000,000 Starving, Homeless, People—Why should the President, by proclamation to the people of the nation, fix upon January 27th as the day for contributing towards the relief of over six million Jews located in the Far Eastern War Zone?”
1916 – The Tacoma Times, 28 February 1916: “… there were 6,000,000 Jews in Europe absolutely without food or resources.”
1916 – New York Times, 28 February 1916: “Nearly six million Jews are ruined in the greatest moral and material misery; millions of them are refugees, dependent upon the good will of their brethren.”
Kalamazoo Gazette (Kalamazoo, MI), Wednesday, 1 March 1916, page 1: “WAR MAY MOVE 6,000,000 JEWS … Nearly six million Jews are ruined.”
1916 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 3 March 1916, page 6: “Position of the Jews in Russia. The Jews in Russia, numbering about six million, are denied full political and civil rights and are economically oppressed.”
1916 – New York Herald, 5 March 1916, Section III, page 10: “Six million Jews, old men, women and little children, are suffering from the greatest calamity that has befallen Israel since the Egyptian bondage.”
1916 – North Devon Journal, 9 March 1916, page 7: “In Poland, in Southern and Western Russia, six million Jews resided when the War broke out. They lived there in the Pale of Settlement, in poverty, and were terribly overcrowded.”
1916 – Fort Wayne Journal Gazette (Ind.), 12 March 1916, page 34: “… six million Jews reported starving in the warring countries.”
1916 – El Paso Herald, 22 April 1916, page 5: “Six Million Jews Are Deprived Of Papers By Russian Censorship. … Six million Jews have been robbed of their newspapers.”
1916 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 4 August 1916: “… six million Jews …”
1917 – Corsicana Daily Sun, 16 February 1917, page 2: “Six million Jews are living in lands where they are oppressed, exploited, crushed and robbed of every inalienable human right.”
1918 – Fort Wayne News and Sentinel (Ind.), 22 June 1918, page 1: “In the war zone of Europe there are six million Jews who have been the war’s worst sufferers, …”
1918 – The Columbus Jewish Chronicle, 28 June 1918, page 1: “Claims Palestine Has Room For Six Million… It is quite possible for Palestine to find room for five to six millions… 800,000 hectares will suffice to produce the food of six millions of people, …”
1918 – The Bakersfield Californian, 30 July 1918, page 4: “… the six million starving Jews in Poland, Galicia and other stricken Eastern provinces…”
1918 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 5 September 1918: “… Russia, where the bulk of the Jewish people to the number of well over six million still dwell, is a land of blood and midnight darkness.”
1918 – The Columbus Jewish Chronicle, 13 September 1918, page 1: “The report describes the havoc the war has caused among the six million Jews of Russia. Driven by the invading armies, the Jews have been compelled to flee from their homes;”
1918 – New York Times, 18 October 1918, page 12: “Six million Souls Will Need Help to Resume Normal Life When War Is Ended. … Committee of American Jews Lays Plans for the Greatest Humanitarian Task in History. … 6,000,000 Jews Need Help.”
1919 – The Bourbon News, 1 April 1919, page 4: “… six million Jews in Poland, Lithuania, Galicia, Palestine, Turkey and Siberia who are dying of starvation, …”
1919 – The Corsicana Daily Sun, 3 April 1919, page 5: “SIX MILLION ARE STARVING … It is estimated that there are six million Jewish women, children and aged men actually starving to death.”
1919 – The Galveston Daily News, 4 April 1919, page 3: “Six million Jews in Poland, Lithuania, Galicia, Palestine, Turkey and Siberia are dying of starvation. … These six million despairing souls are totally dependent on American generosity for the bare necessities of life.”
1919 – The Watchman and Southron, 5 April 1919: “Six million Jews in Poland, Lithuania, Galicia, Palestine, Turkey and Siberia are dying of starvation. … These six million despairing souls are totally dependent on American generosity for the bare necessities of life.”
1919 – The Galveston Daily News, 5 April 1919, page 5: “Six million Jews are dying of starvation.”
1919 – The Galveston Daily News, 6 April 1919, page 8: “The American Jewish Relief Committee is endeavoring to save from starvation six million Jews who are the helpless victims of the German terror.”
1919 – El Paso Herald, 7 April 1919: “… to save from starvation six million Jews who are the helpless victims of the German Terror.”
1919 – San Antonio Express, 8 April 1919, page 15: “The American Jewish Relief Committee is endeavoring to save from starvation six million Jews who are the helpless victims of the German terror.”
1919 – The Corsicana Daily Sun, 9 April 1919, page 8: “THE AMERICAN JEWISH RELIEF COMMITTEE IS ENDEAVOURING TO SAVE FROM STARVATION SIX MILLION JEWS WHO ARE THE HELPLESS VICTIMS OF THE GERMAN TERROR”
1919 – San Antonio Express, 9 April 1919, page 12: “At no other time in the history of the Jewish people has the need been so great as now. Six million of our brothers and sisters are dying of starvation. The entire race is threatened with extinction.”
1919 – Daily Kentucky New Era, Wednesday, 9 April 1919, pages 4f.: “The American Jewish Relief Committee is endeavouring to save from starvation six million Jews who are the helpless victims of the German Terror.”
1919 – The Wellington Leader (Tex.), 11 April 1919, page 1: “We wish to call the attention of our people to the great drive that is on to raise funds for the relief of the six million Jews who are starving in the war ridden districts of the east.”
1919 – The Corsicana, Semi-Weekly Light, 11 April 1919, page 5: “THE AMERICAN JEWISH RELIEF COMMITTEE IS ENDEAVOURING TO SAVE FROM STARVATION SIX MILLION JEWS WHO ARE THE HELPLESS VICTIMS OF THE GERMAN TERROR”
1919 – The Daily Courier (Pa.), 4 August 1919, section 2, page 1: “APPEALS TO AMERICA TO ACT QUICKLY IF LIVES OF SOME SIX MILLION JEWS ARE TO BE SAVED… The lives of some six million people are at stake.”
1919 – The Fulton Patriot, 3 September 1919, page 4: “WORLD JEWRY AT GREATEST CRISIS Leaders in America Striving to Save Race in Europe From Destruction. … All told, many million Christians and more than 6,000,000 Jews in countries other than the United States are being directly aided by American Jewish relief funds.”
1919 – New York Times, 8 September 1919, page 6: “127,000 Jews Have Been Killed and 6,000,000 Are in Peril. … 6,000,000 souls in Ukrainia and in Poland have received notice through action and by word that they are going to be completely exterminated – this fact stands before the whole world as the paramount issue of the present day.”
1919 – The Fort Wayne News and Sentinel, 17 September 1919, section 2, page 1: “… six million Jews are dying of starvation and where vast numbers of them—innocent victims of the ravages of war—wander homeless, and in rags.”
1919 – Trenton Evening Times (Trenton, N.J.), 28 September 1919, page 4: “Six Million Jews Reported Destitute in Eastern Europe.”
1919 – Rushville Daily Republican, 29 September 1919, page 4: “The thought that as I walk the streets of this prosperous and happy town there are 6,000,000 people in other lands without food, shelter or raiment is disturbing. … When I read, as I have read all my life, of the persecution and slaughter of the Jews I am not proud of my own race or my religion. … Six million people perishing!”
1919 – Tipton Tribune, 29 September 1919, page 2: “The thought that as I walk the streets of this prosperous and happy town there are 6,000,000 people in other lands without food, shelter or raiment is disturbing. … When I read, as I have read all my life, of the persecution and slaughter of the Jews I am not proud of my own race or my religion. … Six million people perishing!”
1919 – Fort Wayne Journal Gazette, 1 October 1919, page 4: “The thought that as I walk the streets of this prosperous and happy town there are 6,000,000 people in other lands without food, shelter or raiment is disturbing. … When I read, as I have read all my life, of the persecution and slaughter of the Jews I am not proud of my own race or my religion. … Six million people perishing!”
1919 – The Washington Democrat, 2 October 1919, page 1: “The thought that as I walk the streets of this prosperous and happy town there are 6,000,000 people in other lands without food, shelter or raiment is disturbing. … When I read, as I have read all my life, of the persecution and slaughter of the Jews I am not proud of my own race or my religion. … Six million people perishing!”
1919 – The Colorado Springs Gazette, 2 October 1919: “SIX MILLION JEWS FORM DAILY IN A BREAD LINE … Six million Jews, men, women and children, a number as great as the population of the state of Illinois including Chicago, form the bread line in Europe every day.”
1919 – Janesville Daily Gazette (Wis.), 4 October 1919, page 4: “… the Feast Day of Rosh Hashonah. It was not a feast day for some six million starving Jews of Europe because every day for the past four years has been a fast day for them. … the five year fast that has been the lot of the 6,000,000 Jews in Europe.”
1919 – Sheboygan Press (Wis.), 4 October 1919, page 2: “… the Feast Day of Rosh Hashonah. It was not a feast day for some six million starving Jews of Europe because every day for the past four years has been a fast day for them. … the five year fast that has been the lot of the 6,000,000 Jews in Europe.”
1919 – The Pittsburgh Gazette Times – 5 October 1919, section 6, page 16: “Still they live—these 6,000,000 helpless, starving, homeless people … JEWISH WAR RELIEF COMMITTEE”
1919 – The Fort Wayne Journal-Gazette (Ind.), 6 October 1919, page 3: “With six million of their population in absolute want, they are unable alone to render sufficient aid… There are to-day to be found in the ten provinces of Russia, Poland and the fifteen provinces called the ‘Pale of Settlement’ six millions of these peaceful and law abiding people… We do not see with our eyes the evidences of want and degradation into which six million Jews have been thrown suddenly through no fault of their own.”
1919 – Indiana Weekly Messenger, 9 October 1919, page 1 & 4: “Life for six millions in the shadow of death! … Six millions mean what? … Six million souls, old men, old women, and little children in Poland, Lithuania, Russia, Palestine, Galicia, Turkey, Syria, Roumania, Greece, and Bulgaria are in imminent danger of starving to death this winter. … The responsibility of maintaining life in these six million sufferers rests upon every man and woman in the United States… Helping the Jews in their extremity is not helping the Bolsheviks,” the speaker emphatically declared.”
1919 – Schenectady Gazette, 16 October 1919, page 15: “Today 6,000,000 Jews Are Facing the Darkest Days Ever Known in the Long History of the Race.”
1919 – Titusville Herald, 18 October 1919, page 4: “… Jewish Relief Fund… Contribute Today, the Last Day and Help Save From Death Six Millions of Starving People.”
1919 – San Francisco Chronicle, 19 October 1919, page 18: “6,000,000 JEWS IN BREAD LINE, STRAUS WRITES. More Than Third of Entire Race in World Reduced to Despair in Europe. … Six million Jews, out of the 16,000,000 in the world…”
1919 – Cape Vincent Eagle, 23 October 1919: “… there are six million people in other lands without food, shelter or raiment is disturbing. … When read, as I have read all my life, of the persecution and slaughter of the Jews I am not proud of my own race or of my religion.”
1919 – Martin H. Glynn, “The Crucifixion of Jews Must Stop!” The American Hebrew, 31 October 1919, page 582: “From across the sea six million men and women call to us for help … Within them reside the illimitable possibilities for the advancement of the human race as naturally would reside in six million human beings. … In this catastrophe, when six million human beings are being whirled toward the grave by a cruel and relentless fate, only the most idealistic promptings of human nature should sway the heart and move the hand. Six million men and women are dying from lack of the necessaries of life […] bigoted lust for Jewish blood. In this threatened holocaust of human life in the name of the humanity of Moses to six million famished men and women. Six million men and women are dying … six million Jewish men and women are starring across the seas …”
1919 – The Evening Tribune Providence, 31 October 1919, page 11: “In the midst of our campaign for the relief of the six million Jews of Eastern Europe…”
1919 – The Record (Johnson City, N.Y.), 1 November 1919, page 8: “There are 6,000,000 Jews in eastern Europe whom the war has left dependent upon America for aid.”
1919 – Beatrice Daily Sun (Neb.), 8 November 1919, page 2: “The territory which Mr. Hoover visited is but a part of that in which 6,000,000 Jews, suffers of war and war’s equally horrible after-math, stand helpless today, … The Need: SIX MILLION STARVING SOULS. Six million Jews in Poland, Lithuania, Galicia, Palestine, Turkey and Siberia are dying of starvation. … These six million despairing souls are totally dependent on American generosity for the bare necessities of life. The Object: $35,000,000 for 6,000,000 LIVES”
1919 – Lebanon Daily News (Pa.), 11 November 1919, page 2: “DISEASE AND STARVATION IN POLAND Lieut. Wright Tells of Half Starved People Clad in Rags BREAD OUT OF LEAVES Says 6,000,000 Face Death This Winter Unless Given Immediate Relief… 6,000,000 Face Death… Six million Jews in eastern Europe face death during the coming winter, …”
1919 – Felix M. Warburg, New York Times, 12 November 1919: “The Jews were the worst sufferers in the war. The successive blows of contending armies have all but broken the back of European Jewry and have reduced to tragically unbelievable poverty, starvation and disease about 6,000,000 souls, or half the Jewish population of the earth.”
1919 – Gouverneur Free Press, 12 November 1919: “Six Million Men and Women Are Dying… Won’t You Help Them? … From across the sea six million men and women call to us for help… in six million human beings… In this catastrophe, when six million human beings are being whirled toward the grave by a cruel and relentless fate… Six million men and women are dying… Six million men and women are dying… Because of this war for Democracy six million Jewish men and women are starving across the seas… Six million men and women of the race that helped do the greatest of the world’s work are falling into the grave! … six million famished men and women now turn mute eyes of appeal…”
1919 – Chester Times (Pa.), 28 November 1919, page 15: “There are 6,000,000 Jews in Eastern Europe whom the war has left dependent upon us for aid.”
1919 – Ironwood News Record (Mich.), 6 December 1919, page 9: “For First Time in History of Race, Jews Are Asking Others For Help. … They are doing it because six million Jews in eastern and central Europe are actually in need of food at this moment. … The problem of 6,000,000 starving men, women and little children ought to be the problem of all humanity.”
1919 – Lima News (Ohio), 24 December 1919, page 3: “Today Six Million Jews Are Facing the Darkest Days Ever Known In the History of the Race.”
1919 – The Toledo News-Bee, 27 December 1919: “Six Million Human Beings Are Suffering the Tortures of Disease, Hunger and Death… American Jewish Relief Committee”
1920 – Van Wert Daily Bulletin (Ohio), 5 January 1920, page 3: “… Jewish relief work in Europe and Asia. There are six million Jews in the two continents who because of the war have been made destitute.”
1920 – Manti Messenger (Utah), 19 March 1920: “Just now some six million of Jews, eight hundred thousand of them just children, are in imminent danger of starvation in eastern Europe.”
1920 – Tulsa Daily World, 11 April 1920, section B, page 14: “Today 6,000,000 Jews Are Facing the Darkest Days Ever Known in the Long History of the Race”
1920 – Utica Herald-Dispatch, 20 April 1920, page 9: “Today 6,000,000 Jews Are Facing the Darkest Days Ever Known in the Long History of the Race.”
1920 – New York Times, 1 May 1920, page 8: “Just Another Drive, but the Lives of 6,000,000 Human Beings Wait Upon the Answer.”
1920 – New York Times, 2 May 1920, page 1: “… six million human beings, without food, shelter, clothing or medical treatment.”
1920 – New York Times, 3 May 1920, page 11: “Your help is needed to save the lives of six million people in Eastern and Central Europe.”
1920 – New York Times, 5 May 1920, page 9: “… to save six million men and women in Eastern Europe from extermination by hunger and disease.”
1920 – New York Times, 5 May 1920, page 19: “Six million starving, fever-stricken sufferers in war-torn Europe appeal to us.”
1920 – New York Times, 7 May 1920: “… Jewish war sufferers in Central and Eastern Europe where six millions face horrifying conditions of famine, disease and death.”
1920 – A poster tied to a lamppost in a photograph in the 1 June 1920 edition (Vol. 1, No. 3) of Jewish Relief News: “JEWISH WAR RELIEF CAMPAIGN (—) MAY 2 TO 9 (—) SIX MILLION STARVING SOULS”
1920 – Montgomery Advertiser (Montgomery, AL), 29 June 1920, page 5: “Must They Pay the Price? Victims of the War—In the Path of Five Armies […] Six Million Jews have been pillaged, plundered, mal-treated, driven about the country like cattle.”
1920 – Ogden Standard Examiner, 8 August 1920, page 9: “PUSH DRIVE FOR JEWISH RELIEF … Mr. Bond declared today that there are six million jews [sic] in eastern and central Europe whom the war has left dependent upon America.”
1920 – The Ogden Standard-Examiner, 20 August 1920: “… there are six million Jews in eastern and central Europe whom the war has left dependent upon America.”
1920 – New York Tribune, 29 August 1920: “Six million Jews were made homeless by five years of foreign and domestic wars.”
1920 – Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 29 August 1920: “Six million Jews had been made homeless, starving, naked and plague ridden by five years of foreign and domestic wars that swept Poland.”
1921 – New York Times, 20 July 1921, page 2: “BEGS AMERICA SAVE 6,000,000 IN RUSSIA. Russia’s 6,000,000 Jews are facing extermination by massacre.”
The New York Call, 2 January 2, 1922, page 2: “JEWS MEET HERE JAN. 15 TO PLAN CAMPAIGN FOR $6,000,000 FOR RELIEF”
1922 – Lowell Sun (Mass.), 22 March 1922, page 14: “The Jews in the immediate district for which the aid of the war sufferers’ campaign is to be given numbered over six million. … Over 300,000 orphans, over 150,000 desecrated women, over six million wandering Jews walking, crawling in their misery, feeding on the bark of trees and on herbs that grow by the wayside.”
1925 – Lawrence Journal-World (Kansas), 29 June 1925, page 5: “Jewish National Fund Invests Almost $6,000,000 in Palestine”
1926 – Encyclopaedia Britannica, 13th Edition, Vol. 1, 1926, page 145: “While there remain in Russia and Rumania over six millions of Jews who are being systematically degraded…”
1926 – Canadian Jewish Review, 9 April 1926, page 4: “… the extreme need of 6,000,000 Jews in Russia and Poland, …”
1926 – New York Times, 21 April 1926: “In Heaven’s Name, Arouse the Jews of America! New York’s Quota: $6,000,000 United Jewish Campaign of New York”
1930 – The Daily Times (Pa.), 15 March 1930, page 5: “Will Raise $6,000,000 for Upbuilding Palestine and to Rehabilitate Jews of Eastern Europe”
1931 – The Montreal Gazette, 28 December 1931, page 25: “SIX MILLION JEWS FACE STARVATION. … FEARS CRISIS AT HAND. … six million Jews in Eastern Europe face starvation, and even worse, during the coming winter.”
1932 – Symphony of Six Million, movie, 29 April 1932; directed by Gregory La Cava, written by Fannie Hurst (story), J. Walter Ruben, Bernard Schubert (screenplay), starring Ricardo Cortez.
1933 – New York Times, 29 March 1933: The Joint Distribution Committee “is now active in relief and reconstructive work in Eastern Europe where 6,000,000 Jews are involved.”
1933 – New York Times, 1 June 1933, page 6: “Dr. Margoshes said he had received a letter from the poet at Zurich a few days ago, stating that she had ‘run away from the holocaust…’”
1933 – The Jewish Western Bulletin, 21 September 1933: “At this period of human persecution and of human destruction, when life, especially Jewish life has ceased to be of any value in the cruel land of bloody Germany, when the lives of hundreds of thousands are tortured and hang in the balance – during this holocaust…”
1935 – New York Times, 8 September 1935, page 26: “The preliminary session of the first world conference of the Federation of Polish Jews being attended by sixty delegates from eighteen countries representing 6,000,000 Jews…”
1936 – Kabbalist & Zionist Jacob de Hass, B’nai B’rith Magazine The National Jewish Monthly, Volume 50, Number 6, March 1936.: “Six million Jews are affected by this omnipresent fear (‘of another world war’)”
1936 – Chaim Weizmann, Reden und Aufsätze 1901-1936, Jüd. Bucherverlag Erwin Löwe, Berlin 1937, page 272-4: “It is no exaggeration to say that six million Jews are sentenced to be imprisoned in this part of the world, where they are unwanted, and for whom the countries are divided into those, where they are unwanted, and those, where they are not admitted. … It is ultimately the fate of six million people!”
1936 – New York Times, 31 May 1936, page 14: “AMERICANS APPEAL FOR JEWISH REFUGE.” The petition, in expressing the opinion of enlightened Christian leadership in the United States, favoring a larger Jewish immigration into Palestine, stressed the intolerable sufferings of the millions of Jews in “the European holocaust. … to save these unfortunate millions from total annihilation…”
1936 – The Jewish Western Bulletin, 2 June 1936, page 3: “Great Britain has it within her power to throw open the gates of Palestine and let in the victimized and persecuted Jews escaping from the European holocaust.”
1936 – The Montreal Gazette, 8 August 1936, page 5: “Delegates of 32 Nations Represent six million Hebrews.”
1936 – Chaim Weizmann, speech before the Peel Commission on Palestine, King David Hotel in Jerusalem, November 25, 1936: “If one goes further afield (in Europe), and takes the Jewries of Rumania, Latvia, Lithuania, Austria, ones see practically the same picture, and it is no exaggeration on my part to say that today six million — I am not speaking of the Jews in Persia and Morocco and such places, who are very inarticulate, one hears very little of them — in that part of the world are doomed to be pent up in places where they are not wanted, … These six million people to whom I have referred are condemned to live from hand to mouth. … it affects the fate of six million people.”
1936 – Chaim Weizmann, The (London) Times, 26 November 1936: “While in Western Europe many individual Jews had happy homes, in Eastern Europe there were 6,000,000 unwanted unfortunates who were condemned to be penned up in places where they could not live. … the presence of these 6,000,000 people without a future whose condition was a threat to Europe.”
1936 – Chaim Weizmann, The Jewish Western Bulletin, 11 December 1936, page 3: “… where six million Jews are in a position which is neither life nor death.”
1936 – New York Post, 11 December 1936, page 19: “JEWISH RELIEF BOARD TO HEAR LEHMAN SUDAY Gathering to consider the crisis confronting 6,000,000 Jews in Central and Eastern Europe, …”
1937 – Fitchburg Sentinel, 17 February 1937, page 1 & 11: “Stating that “6,000,000 Jews in central Europe have neither life nor death because of extreme persecution,” Mrs Emanuel Halpern of New York city, member of the national board of Hadassah urged… Today there are 6,000,000 million (sic) Jews in central Europe who have neither life nor death.”
1937 – The Jewish Criterion, 3 September 1937: “the position of the six million Jews of Central and Eastern Europe with whose existence the J.D.C.” was “so vitally concerned.”
1937 – Albany Evening News (NY), 27 May 1937, page 6.: “The plight of six million Jews in Europe is an outstanding indictment against the ruthlessness of dictatorships that have seen fit to utilize uncivilized and thoroughly un-Christian methods in the persecution of minorities, in order to gain their personal and selfish attainments. It is our duty to try to alleviate the perilous conditions of the youth in Germany and Poland, and it is the duty of every Jew to assist in raising the quota that is allotted to use [recte: us].”
1937 – Chaim Weizmann speech (4 August 37) at the World Zionist Conference, Switzerland, The Manchester Guardian (UK), 9 August 1937, page 13: “I told the Royal Commission [on Palestine, Nov 25, 1936] that the hopes of 6,000,000 Jews are centred on emigration. Then I was asked: ‘But can you bring 6,000,000 to Palestine?’ I replied: ‘No. I am acquainted with the laws of physics and chemistry and I know the force of material factors. In our generation I divide the figure by three, and you can see in that the depth of the Jewish tragedy—two millions of youth, with their lives before them, who have lost the most elementary of rights, the right to work.’ The old ones will pass, they will bear their fate or they will not. They are dust, economic and moral dust in a cruel world.”
1937 – The Jewish Western Bulletin, 31 December 1937: “The number six million is often used to describe the Jewish population of Central and Eastern Europe.”
1938 – New York Times, 9 January 1938, page 12: “PERSECUTED JEWS SEEN ON INCREASE. 6,000,000 VICTIMS NOTED. … Five to six million in all are today the victims of governmental anti-Semitism…”
1938 – New York Times, 23 February 1938, page 23: “A depressing picture of 6,000,000 Jews in Central Europe deprived of protection or economic opportunities, slowly dying of starvation, all hope gone… Now anti-Semitism has spread to thirteen European nations, and threatens the very existence of millions of Jews.”
1938 – Sunday Times-Advertiser (Trenton, N.J.), 20 March 1938: “The simple fact is that the fate of six million Jews in Poland, Roumania, Germany and Austria hangs in the balance.”
1938 – The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), 1 April 1938, page 15: “I shall not comment upon the first except to remind you that six million Jews in Europe are struggling between life and death.”
1938 – The Guardian, 4 April 1938, page 11: “Six million Jews at this moment are trapped like rats…”
1938 – New York Times, 2 May 1938: “The rising tide of anti-Semitism in Europe today, which has deprived more than 6,000,000 Jews and non-Aryans of a birthright…”
1938 – Jacob Lestshinsky, “The Jews of Central Europe,” in Jewish Frontier, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 1938, page 13: “EVERY NATION is morally compelled to face the bitter truth. This article is written not with the intent of bewailing our plight but in order to arrive at a factual calculation of the status of six million Jews in Central and Eastern Europe and of the prospects that exist in the lands of immigration.”
1938 – Port Arthur News, 9 June 1938, page 1: “It is estimated that nearly six million Jews have been driven from their homes by ruthless oppressors and stripped not only of their property but their right to work for a living.”
1938 – Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, 16 June 1938, page 18: “Judge Lewis urged American members of the race to swing moral and financial powers into the channels of evacuating some 6,000,000 Jews to Palestine.”
1938 – Turtle Mountain Star, Rolla, North Dakota, 6 October 1938: “Five or six million Jews, uprooted by dictatorship and tossed about by economic storms, may have to depend upon the development of the Holy Land, under British mandate, as a solution to their difficulties. But they face the hostility of the Arabs living there, whose economic and religious interests conflict with theirs. … protects the settlers from the raiding Arabs. … The Arabs Are Coming! … The dreaded Mohammedan raiders have been sighted by a neighbor settler…”
1938 – The Times, 22 November 1938: “Mass emigration of Jews to Palestine for two years and the formation of a Jewish national assembly was advocated by Sir John Haslam, M.P., in a message which he sent to a public meeting at the Kingsway Hall last night held by the New Zionist Organization. The message stated that the problem now involved some 6,000,000 Jews.”
1939 – New York Times, 15 January 1939, page 27: “Rabbi Silver wanted assistance to Jewish emigration safeguarded so that European governments would realize that ‘it is impossible to evacuate 6,000,000 Jews.’”
1939 – The Binghampton Press, 18 January 1939, page 8: “IRISH PLEA — Deputy Robert Briscoe, only Jewish member of the Irish Parliament, arrives in New York city to begin a campaign to enlist Americans in a plan for resettling approximately 6,000,000 Jews in Palestine.”
1939 – The Canadian Jewish Chronicle, 27 January 1939: “Only six million Jews remain at the moment safe. But they will have to carry the burden.”
1939 – The Daily Sentinel (Rome, N.Y.), 31 January 1939, page 11: “Does Mr. X really believe that if Hitler gains control of Spain with the help of Franco, that life in Spain will be any different than it is today in Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia where 6,000,000 Jews have been murdered, …”
1939 – Chaim Weizmann, The Palestine Post, 14 February 1939: “The fate of six million people was in balance…”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 17 February 1939, page 20: “The fate of six million people is in the balance. … They supported their stand with a declaration that Jews never needed unrestricted immigration to Palestine as much as at present, with 6,000,000 Jewish refugees seeking a haven.”
1939 – The Evening Independent, 22 February 1939, page 1: “6,000,000 Helpless. … there are six million Jews in Europe today fighting desperately against intolerance and despair. For them the support of the united appeal is crucial.”
1939 – The Jewish Western Bulletin, 3 March 1939: “SIX MILLION JEWS OVERSEAS FACING PERSECUTION, DISCRIMINATION AND ECONOMIC RUIN …”
1939 –The Advocate: America’s Jewish Journal. Vols. 95-98, 17 March 1939, page 47: “If the six million Jews that constitute the European scene were removed from the lands where they now dwell the forces of brutality and ruthlessness would still continue to operate.”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 7 April 1939, page 4: “Not in Hitler’s Hands, In Yours… The Fate Of Six Million European Jews”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 7 April 1939, page 33: “… six million Jewish people who are in dire need today.”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 14 April 1939, page 4: “Recent events in Central Europe have brought to 6,000,000 the total number of Jews in Central and Eastern European countries affected by anti-Semitic activities.”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 14 April 1939, page 6: “… whether our 6,000,000 fellow countrymen will live or die… More than a million refugees, starving, tortured, fear-dazed, have been dragged from their homes, separated from their families, expelled from their countries. Five million more, await with horror the moment this misery will strike them…”
1939 – Chester Times (Pa.), 20 April 1939, page 6: “Six million Jews are the stepchildren of fate in Europe today.”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 21 April 1939, page 15: “… the distress and suffering of 6,000,000 Jews in Europe. … HAVE YOU DONE YOUR DUTY? THE UNITED JEWISH FUND NEEDS YOUR HELP FOR THE HELPLESS 6,000,000 IN EUROPE
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 28 April 1939, page 3: “… 6,000,000 fellow Jews who are in distress today.”
1939 – The Niagara Falls Gazette, 1 May 1939, page 15: “ITHACA RABBI SAYS FREE JEWS MUST AID HARASSED BRETHREN Six Million Jews Are Refugees, Members of B’nai B’rith Lodges Told. Three-eights of the world’s Jewish population of 16,000,000 persons, or approximately 6,000,000 persons, are potential refugees. … Rabbi Fischoff declared that the 6,000,000 Jews or Christians of Jewish extraction are in real of imminent danger due to the spread of totalitarianism in the world.”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 5 May 1939, page 9: “PLIGHT OF 6,000,000 … The 6,000,000 European Jews …”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 12 May 1939, page 7: “The year of 1939 is the year of the most critical struggle of 6,000,000 European Jews.”
1939 – Western Morning News (Devon, UK), 8 June 1939, page 6: “PLIGHT OF THE UNWANTED … A little more than a month ago Lord Winterton, chairman of the Evian Committee, declared that the potential problem concerned five or six million Jews.”
1939 – Ohio Jewish Chronicle, 30 June 1939, page 1: “The crisis which Jews of Europe are facing today envelops far more than six million souls.”
1939 – Contemporary Jewish Record, Vol. 2, No. 5, September-October 1939, page 3 (Published by the American Jewish Committee): “… the coming war would be the annihilation of the six million Jews in East and Central Europe.”
1939 – The Sentinel (Chicago, IL), 12 October 1939.: “… the coming war would be the annihilation of the six million Jews in East and Central Europe.”
1939 – The Jewish Criterion, 13 October 1939, page 2: “… the coming war would be the annihilation of the six million Jews in East and Central Europe.”
1939 – Samuel Broncheck, Syracuse Herald-Journal, 30 October 1939, page 15: “… in Poland alone there are 6,000,000 Jews who are now subject to Hitler’s persecution or Stalin’s ‘communizing.’”
1939 – The Southern Israelite, 28 November 1939: “… the coming war would be the annihilation of the six million Jews in East and Central Europe.”
1940 – Mason City Globe Gazette (Iowa), 20 January 1940, page 16: “Mr. Tannenbaum stressed that Palestine offered the only solution to the six million Jews who are homeless, starving and sick in central and eastern Europe today.”
1940 – The Southern Israelite, 3 May 1940: “Almost six million Jews find themselves on the brink of starvation and extermination. Their only hope is the help which the Jews of America can extend to them. The success of the United Jewish Appeal will determine their fate.”
1940 – Robert W. Schiff, Ohio Jewish Chronicle, 17 May 1940, page 1: “Over six million Jews in Central and Eastern Europe are faced with great danger of annihilation as the result of the sweep of war and oppression.”
1940 – New York Times, 25 June 1940, page 4: “Six million Jews in Europe are doomed to destruction, if the victory of Nazis should be final. … The chances for mass emigration and resettlement of European Jewry seem to be remote, and European Jews face the danger of physical annihilation. Even the 4,000,000 Jews under Soviet rule, although free from racial discrimination, are not safe in the event of a final Nazi victory.”
1940 – Joplin News Herald (Missouri), 25 June 1940, page 3: “Six million Jews in Europe are doomed to destruction.”
1940 – The Palm Beach Post, 25 June 1940: “Dr. Nahum Goldmann […] said today that if the Nazis should achieve final victory ‘6,000,000 Jews in Europe are doomed to destruction.”
1940 – Ohio Jewish Chronicle, 28 June 1940, page 1: “The lives of six million Jews have been uprooted by the psychopathic, political ambitions of totalitarian leaders.”
1940 – The Palestine Post, 1 July 1940, page 6: “Nor must we despair that six million Jews will forever lose trace of their historic heritage.”
1940 – The Jewish Criterion, 15 November 1940: “J.N.F. to Raise $6,000,000 for Palestine During Coming Year. … the Jewish National Fund of America voted to raise $6,000,000 for the holy land’s war needs during the coming year.”
1941 – Salt Lake Tribune, 5 February 1941, page 2: “Nazis Prepare Blueprint Of All World Enslaved … Later, the survivors will all be sent to whatever ‘reservation’ the Nazis finally decide to set up—all six million of Europe’s Jews.”
1941 – New York Times, 2 October 1941: “… as to avoid the likelihood of another holocaust.”
1941 – The Jewish Criterion, 28 November 1941: “6,000,000 Jews in Europe Look to America for Aid, Says Warburg. Fully six million Jews in Europe …”
1942 – The Jewish Spectator, Volume 7, 1942, page 53: “Now, too, the unspeakable tragedy of almost six million Jews under nazi domination is not considered sufficiently important to be discussed.”
1942 – The Palestine Post, 1 November 1942: “The Chief Rabbi, who spoke on behalf of Empire Jewry and Jews of the United Nations, as well as of all six million Jews in Europe, said that the deliberate extinction of the whole house of Israel was being carried out by Hitler’s sadists and quislings on a scale beyond compare even in the annals of Israel.”
1942 – New York Times, 13 December 1942, page 21: “Rabbi Israel Goldstein in Temple B’nai Jeshurun, Eighty-eighth Street, near Broadway, declared: “Authenticated reports point to 2,000,000 Jews who have already been slain by all manner of satanic barbarism, and plans for the total extermination of all Jews upon whom the Nazis can lay their hands. The slaughter of a third of the Jewish population in Hitler’s domain and the threatened slaughter of all is a holocaust without parallel.”
1942 – The Courier-Mail (Brisbane), 19 December 1942: “GERMAN HORROR CRIMES; ALLIES PROMISE JUSTICE. Statements issued simultaneously in London, Washington and Moscow, told of German barbarity and of proof of the Nazi determination to exterminate Jews. … Hitler’s decision to exterminate the Jews… It is estimated that there are between five and six million Jews in Occupied Europe… Nazi Slaughter House. … Hitler’s oft-repeated intention to exterminate the Jewish people in Europe.”
1942 – Barrier Miner (Australia), 23 December 1942: “Mr. Silverman suggested that Australia and Canada could each absorb 6,000,000 Jews. … MOST ARE DOOMED… The Jewish Congress declares that 2,000,000 Jews have been exterminated so far.”
1942 – The Massacre of a People: What the Democracies Can Do, 1943. The following article is an excerpt from “Let My People Go,” a pamphlet written on Christmas Day 1942 in London: “Of the six million Jews or so who were living at the outbreak of the war in what is at present Nazi-occupied Europe, a high proportion—between one and two million—have been deliberately murdered by the Nazis and their satellites. … Unless something effective is done, within a very few months these six million Jews will all be dead, …”
1943 – American Zionist Emergency Council (as of 1970: American Zionist Movement) , Palestine, Volumes 1-5 (1943): “Jewish civilian casualties will be close to six million…”
1943 – Debates: House of Commons, official report, volume 5, Canada, 1943: “I should like to read a bit from a pamphlet entitled “Let My People Go,” written by Victor Gollancz: Of the 6,000,000 Jews or so who were living at the outbreak of the war in what is at present nazi-occupied Europe, a high proportion -say between one and two million- have been deliberately murdered by the nazis and their satellites. … within a very few months these six million Jews will all be dead…”
1943 – The Canberra Times, 25 January 1943: “… Jews are being subjected as part of Hitler’s plan to exterminate six million Jews in occupied Europe.”
1943 – The (London) Times, 25 January 1943: “They note further that the extermination already carried out is part of the carrying into effect of Hitler’s oft-repeated intention to exterminate the Jewish people in Europe, which means in effect the extermination of some 6,000,000 persons in the territories over which Hitler’s rule has been extended.”
1943 – Lowell Sun (Mass.), 26 January 1943, page 9: “Of these six million Jews, almost a third have already been massacred by Germans, Rumanians and Hungarians and the most conservative of scorekeepers estimate that before the war ends at least another third will have been done to death.”
1943 – The Guardian, 27 January 1943, page 4: “A PROPOSAL TO SAVE THE JEWS… Some six million lives remained in imminent peril.”
1943 – The Canadian Jewish Review, 29 January 1943, page 1: “… Hitler really intended to exterminate 6,000,000 more human beings.”
1943 – The Zionist Review, 29 January 1943, page 3: “A statement calling on the Government to declare its readiness to co-operate in finding an immediate refuge for all Jewish refugees from death at the hands of the Nazis has been issued by the Archbishops of Canterbury (Dr. Temple), York (Dr. Garbett), and Wales (Dr. Green). … They note, further, that the extermination already carried out is part of the carrying into effect of Hitler’s oft-repeated intention to exterminate the Jewish people in Europe, which means in effect the extermination of some 6,000,000 persons in the territories over which Hitler’s rule has been extended.”
1943 – Hull Daily Mail, 30 January 1943, page 3: “Mr Gollancz states that of the six million Jews living at the outbreak of war in the present Nazi-dominated areas, between one and two million have been deliberately murdered.”
1943 – Contemporary Jewish Record, Volume 6, No. 1, February 1943 (Published by the American Jewish Committee): “Suddenly, during the summer of 1942, world public opinion was shocked out of its lethargy by the realization that the Nazis had decreed the complete extinction of six million Jews and that a third of the victims had already perished.”
1943 – Ben Hecht, Reader’s Digest, February 1943, page 108: “Of these 6,000,000 Jews almost a third have already been massacred by Germans, Rumanians and Hungarians, and the most conservative of the scorekeepers estimate that before the war ends at least another third will have been done to death.”
1943 – Western Morning News (Devon, UK), 5 February 1943, page 2: “There are some who hold that Hitler’s set purpose is the extermination of the Jews in Occupied Europe, numbering about six millions. … We can neither accommodate six million Jews here nor dictate the attitude of other Governments.”
1943 – New York Times, 2 March 1943: “… appalling is the fact that those who proclaim the Four Freedoms have so far done very little to secure even the freedom to live for 6,000,000 of their Jewish fellow men by readiness to rescue those who might still escape Nazi torture and butchery.”
1943 – The Canadian Jewish Review, 14 March 1943, page 8: “Two millions of Jews have already been done to death. Six millions in mid-Europe are sentenced to die.”
1943 – Wallace R. Deuel, Cumberland Evening Times, 23 March 1943, page 1: “The Nazis set out in the beginning to destroy whole peoples. They expected to obliterate from the earth not less than 6,000,000 Jews as a beginning.”
1943 – The Advertiser (Adelaide, Australia), 15 May 1943: “… the possibility of the complete wiping out of six million Jews if something is not immediately done to secure a harbour of refuge.”
1943 – 21 July 1943, Ben Hecht’s show We Shall Not Die staged at the Hollywood Bowl, California: “The Germans murdered 2,000,000 Jewish civilians without trouble; the Germans are murdering the surviving 4,000,000 Jewish civilians of Europe without trouble.”
1943 – The Yorkshire Post and Leeds Mercury, 7 December 1943, page 1.: “Hitler had pronounced a sentence of death on the 6,000,000 Jews of Europe. The Nazis had already murdered two millions by machine-gun and lethal chamber, by torture and hunger, and were now busy exterminating the third million.”
1943 – The Canadian Jewish Review, 13 August 1943, page 8: “Two million Jews out of Europe’s six million have already been slaughtered by the Nazis; most of the remainder seem doomed, …”
1943 – Toledo Blade, 27 August 1943: “3,000,000 Jews Left In Europe – 5,300,000 Reported To Have Perished. Europe’s Jewish population has been reduced from 8,300,000 to 3,000,000 during the 10 years the Nazis have been in power, says the Institute of Jewish Affairs.”
1944 – The Palestine Post, 23 January 1944: “Only a handful of Polish Jews survived the extermination. They were now either with the partisans in the forests or living as Crypto-Jews. The death toll was six million, they declared.”
1944 – The Polish Jewish Observer (Section of The City and East London Observer), 4 February 1944, p. 1.: “6,000,000 JEWS SLAIN? THAT the [sic] appalling total of 6,000,000 Jews have been slaughtered in Poland was testified to by the two members of the Polish underground movement who have just arrived in Palestine. […] The figure of 6,000,000 slain, it was said, included Jews deported to Poland from various European countries.”
1944 – The Montreal Gazette, 18 March 1944, page 11: “There must be insurance that the Germans, unrepentant as they were after the last war, do not prepare another holocaust.”
1944 – Rabbi Michael Dov Ber Weissmandl, in a letter dated May 15, 1944, addressed to the Zionist leadership in Palestine: “And you – our brothers in Palestine, in all the countries of freedom, and you, ministers of all the kingdom – how do you keep silent in the face of this great murder? Silent while thousand on thousands, reaching now to six million Jews, were murdered.”
1944 – Rabbi Michael Dov Ber Weissmandl, 31 May 1944: “… heads of government and radio must announce what was done to our people in the slaughter house of Belzec, Malkinia (Treblinka), Sobibor, and Auschwitz. Till now six times a million Jews from Europe and Russia have been destroyed.”
1944 – Moshe Sharett, future Israeli PM, 15 June 1944. Quoted in a telegram (same day) from the British High Commissioner of Palestine to the Colonial Secretary in London (TNA Kew, T 161/1167): “Shertok derived the impression that enemy motives were mixed, and might be all or any of the following: (a) the purely realistic object of getting various commodities from us through the only medium of exchange available; (b) hope that by obtaining some credit in our eyes for not slaughtering 2,000,000 Jews they would get away with the fact that they had slaughtered 6,000,000 Jews already;”
1944 – United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America Convention Proceedings, 25-29 September 1944: “WHEREAS: History records no parallel to the bestial cruelties inflicted on the Jewish people of Europe by the Nazis and their satellites, whose coldly calculated program of extermination of all European Jews very nearly succeeded, almost six million Jews having been murdered in cold blood …”
1944 – Youngstown Vindicator (Ohio), 27 November 1944: “A five-volume ‘black book’ containing a documentary record of the German massacre of approximately 6,000,000 European Jews is being prepared by the state publishing house.”
1944 – The Pittsburgh Press, 28 November 1944, page 5: “Six Million Jews Listed Slaughtered. A five-volume ‘black book’ containing a documentary record of the German massacre of approximately six million European Jews was being prepared today by the State publishing house. … The work was under the general editorship of Ilya Ehrenburg and the editorial board included Poet-Playwright Konstantin Simonov, Writer Vsevold [Vsevolod] Ivanov and Poetess Vera Imber.”
1944 – The Leader, 28 November 1944: “Russian ‘Black Book’ lists German crimes. The first volume of a five-volume Russian ‘black book’ recording the documentary form of the German massacre of approximately 6,000,000 European Jews has been completed by the Soviet state publishing house … The five-volume work is under the general editorship of Ilya Ehrenburg, noted Soviet writer and war correspondent, with an editorial board that includes poet-playwright Kanstantin [Konstantin] Simonov, writer Vsevold [Vsevolod] Ivanov and poetess Vera Imber. Editors of the work -which will be published in both Russian and English in press runs of hundreds of thousands of copies- estimate from data now available that the Germans killed between 5,000,000 and 6,000,000 Jews in Russia, Poland and western Europe. They believe an additional 500,000 now are being murdered in Hungary.”
1944 – The Palestine Post, 28 November 1944: “SIX MILLIONS MURDERED. The Soviet State Publishing House is preparing the publication of another “Black Book,” a documentary record of the German massacre of approximately six million European Jews. … According to the Soviet editors, the Germans killed between five and six million Russian, Polish and Western European Jews, and an additional half million are being murdered in Hungary now.”
1944 – The Jewish Criterion, 1 December 1944: “… 5,500,000 Jews have been killed in Germany and German-occupied territories since the outbreak of the war. … Yes, the Germans murdered close to six million Jews…”
1944 – President of the Chester Zionist Organization, Rabbi Naphtali Frishberg, Chester Times (Pa.), 2 December 1944, page 6: “With six million dead abroad, how can the Council on Judaism …”
1944 – Springfield Republican (Springfield, Mass.), 4 December 1944, page 2: “6,000,000 JEWS DEAD, RESULT OF THE WAR … The war losses of world Jewish [sic], including those killed in action, now total more than 6,000,000, Dr Nahum Goldman told members of the executive committee of the New England division of the American Jewish congress today.”
1944 – Nahum Goldmann, Jewish Western Bulletin, 8 December 1944: “… apart from Jewish losses in combat service, 5,500,000 Jews have been killed in Germany and German-occupied territories since the outbreak of the war. These figures exceed the number anticipated even by the most pessimistic. … Yes, the Germans murdered close to six million Jews…”
1944 – Ilya Ehrenburg, Soviet War News, 22 December 1944: “In the regions they seized, Germans killed all Jews, from the old folks to infants in arms. Ask any German prisoners why his fellow countrymen annihilated six million innocent people…”
1945 – Ilya Ehrenburg, Soviet War News, 4 January 1945: “In regions they seized the Germans killed all the Jews from the old folk to infants in arms. Ask any German prisoner why his fellow countrymen annihilated six million innocent people and he will reply quite simply: ‘Why, they were Jews.’”
1945 – New York Times, 8 January 1945: “6,000,000 JEWS DEAD. The Jewish population in Europe has been reduced from 9,500,000 in 1939 to 3,500,000. Of the 6,000,000 European Jews who have died, 5,000,000 had lived in the countries under Hitler’s occupation.”
1945 – New York Times, 11 February 1945, page 10: “1,200,000 Jews survived of the 6,000,000 who had been under German rule during the war, and that most of them were eager to come to Palestine.”
1945 – New York Times, 17 February 1945: “Dr. Joseph Schwartz, European director of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, estimated today that 500,000 of Europe’s 6,000,000 Jews had escaped destruction by emigration and that only 1,000,000 to 1,500,000 of Europe’s 6,000,000 Jews were now left on the Continent.”
1945 – Ilya Ehrenburg, Pravda, 1 March 1945: “The world now knows that the Germans killed six million Jews. They killed all Jews – from infants at the breast to the aged.”
1945 – Ilya Ehrenburg, Soviet War News, 15 March 1945: “The world now knows that Germany has killed six million Jews.”
1945 – Joseph Thon, president of the National Organization of Polish Jews in America, 22 March 1945: “I accuse the whole German people that in the years 1939 to 1945 they slaughtered upward of 15,000,000 men, among which there were 6,000,000Jews. … The German people murdered, in cold blood, in excess of 6,000,000 European Jews, among them over 3,000,000 Polish Jews.”
1945 – Ilya Ehrenburg, The Advertiser (Adelaide), 27 March 1945: “… the Germans tortured the last handful of Jews. The Germans killed six million Jews -all the Jews of Poland, Hungary, the Ukraine, Lithuania, Byelo-Russia, West Europe and of course Germany.”
1945 – Army News (Darwin, Australia), 11 April 1945: “NAZIS HAVE MURDERED SIX MILLION JEWS. Of a population of 16 million Jews in the world before the war, more than six million had been murdered by the Nazis.”
1945 – New York Post, 21 April 1945, page 9: “The Nazi leaders felt they had nothing to fear. ‘They murdered six million Jews, but nothing was done. In the words of the Czech delegate to the London War Crimes Commission,’”